uri(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual uri(7) uri, url, urn - (URI), URL URN URI = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] absoluteURI = scheme .RB " : " ( hierarchical_part | opaque_part ) relativeURI = ( net_path | absolute_path | relative_path ) [ "?" query ] scheme = "http" | "ftp" | "gopher" | "mailto" | "news" | "telnet" | "file" | "ftp" | "man" | "info" | "whatis" | "ldap" | "wais" | ... hierarchical_part = ( net_path | absolute_path ) [ "?" query ] net_path = "//" authority [ absolute_path ] absolute_path = "/" path_segments relative_path = relative_segment [ absolute_path ] (Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)) -- , (, -). (Uniform Resource Locator (URL)) -- URI, (, << >>), . (Uniform Resource Name (URN)) -- URI, , . URI -. <> URL ( URI). URL , URI (, URL URI). URI . , , . <<.>> <<..>> : << >> << >>, -- UNIX- . , , URI (, <<:>>), ; ./ (, <<./:>>). , MS-DOS (, Microsoft Windows) URI (<<|>>), <> <>. A fragment identifier, if included, refers to a particular named portion (fragment) of a resource; text after a '#' identifies the fragment. A URI beginning with '#' refers to that fragment in the current resource. URI, , . , URL , ip_server ( ): ip_server = [ [ : ] @ ] [ : ] , / . -- -; DNS IP- ( ). , URI - example.com 8080 fred ( fredpassword). URI. URL , , , , URL, . , UNIX- . , , URI, , . http -- - (HTTP) http://ip_server/ http://ip_server/? URL - (HTTP). 80. , - , ; , <> <>, , . : . <>, , (=). <>, = (&). , , - . HTML/XML/SGML GET: URI , SGML/XML ( HTML) (&) &. , ; URI, ( POST), URI . Common Gateway Interface . ftp -- (FTP) ftp://ip_server/ URL FTP. () 21. , <>, . : . gopher -- Gopher gopher://ip_server/_gopher gopher://ip_server/_gopher %09 gopher://ip_server/_gopher %09%09gopher+_ gopher 70. _gopher -- Gopher, URL. ; <> , _gopher <<1>>. -- Gopher. Gopher , 09 (US-ASCII HT tab), 0A (US-ASCII- LF) 0D (US-ASCII- CR). mailto -- mailto:_email , _@_. mailaddr(7). , % %25. : . news -- news:newsgroup-name news:message-id newsgroup-name , , , <>. <<*>> ( ), << >>. : . message-id Message-ID IETF RFC 1036, <<<>> <<>>>; _@__. <<@>>. telnet -- telnet://ip_server/ URL Telnet , Telnet. <> . 23. : . file -- file://ip_server/_ file:_ , . : ip_server <>; : <<, URL>>. , , . KDE URL . , ( glob(7) glob(3)). The second format (e.g., ) is a correct format for referring to a local file. However, older standards did not permit this format, and some programs don't recognize this as a URI. A more portable syntax is to use an empty string as the server name, for example, ; this form does the same thing and is easily recognized by pattern matchers and older programs as a URI. Note that if you really mean to say "start from the current location", don't specify the scheme at all; use a relative address like <../test.txt>, which has the side-effect of being scheme-independent. An example of this scheme is . man -- man man:_ man:_() (man). ; man(7). URI UNIX- (, Linux) IETF. : . info -- info info:__ info:__#_ info:(__) info:(__)_ info ( texinfo); GNU. URI UNIX- (, Linux) IETF. URI GNOME KDE , . -- GNOME: . -- KDE: , URI. , . GNOME KDE, , <>. GNOME: . DE: . whatis -- whatis: , . . whatis(1). URI UNIX- (, Linux) IETF. ghelp -- GNOME ghelp:_ GNOME . : . ldap -- (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) ldap://_ ldap://_/ ldap://_/dn ldap://_/dn? ldap://_/dn?? ldap://_/dn??? ldap://_/dn???? , LDAP (, ). LDAP URL RFC 2255 . URL: _ LDAP, , , (). LDAP TCP- 389. , , LDAP- . dn LDAP, LDAP ( RFC 2253 3). , ; RFC 2251, 4.1.5. , . , : <> ( ), <> ( ) <> ( ). , <>. ( ). , . RFC 2254 4. a comma-separated list of type=value pairs, where the =value portion may be omitted for options not requiring it. An extension prefixed with a '!' is critical (must be supported to be valid), otherwise it is noncritical (optional). LDAP. ldap.itd.umich.edu : ldap://ldap.itd.umich.edu/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US , , : ldap://ldap.itd.umich.edu/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US?postalAddress , host.com ( 6666) (cn) <> , : ldap://host.com:6666/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US??sub?(cn=Babs%20Jensen) wais -- (Wide Area Information Servers) wais://_/_ wais://_/_? wais://_/_/wtype/wpath WAIS, ( WAIS IETF RFC 1625 ). _ -- , ( ). -- 210. WAIS . -- WAIS. WAIS. wtype WAIS, wpath -- document-id WAIS. URI. , URI, URI (, Mozilla about: ; GNOME toc: ). , (, prospero). news: nntp:. URN urn: (, urn:ietf: IETF); URN . . URI , . , URI, ( URI): ; / ? : @ & = + $ , Unreserved characters may be included in a URI. Unreserved characters include uppercase and lowercase Latin letters, decimal digits, and the following limited set of punctuation marks and symbols: - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) . : <<%>> , ( ). , <<%20>>, (tab) <<%09>>, <<&>> <<%26>>. <<%>> , <<%25>>. (+); RFC ( %20), , URI, . URI <<>> . Unreserved characters can be escaped without changing the semantics of the URI, but this should not be done unless the URI is being used in a context that does not allow the unescaped character to appear. For example, "%7e" is sometimes used instead of "~" in an HTTP URL path, but the two are equivalent for an HTTP URL. For URIs which must handle characters outside the US ASCII character set, the HTML 4.01 specification (section B.2) and IETF RFC 3986 (last paragraph of section 2.5) recommend the following approach: (1) translate the character sequences into UTF-8 (IETF RFC 3629)--see utf-8(7)--and then (2) URI, , %HH . URI When written, URIs should be placed inside double quotes (e.g., "http://www.kernel.org"), enclosed in angle brackets (e.g., ), or placed on a line by themselves. A warning for those who use double-quotes: never move extraneous punctuation (such as the period ending a sentence or the comma in a list) inside a URI, since this will change the value of the URI. Instead, use angle brackets instead, or switch to a quoting system that never includes extraneous characters inside quotation marks. This latter system, called the 'new' or 'logical' quoting system by "Hart's Rules" and the "Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors", is preferred practice in Great Britain and in various European languages. Older documents suggested inserting the prefix "URL:" just before the URI, but this form has never caught on. URI . URI , (, , ..) URI, (, ). , , URI (, , <>, , URI <>, , <>, , <>). <<>> . , . URI , URL, URI , URI; (, ). URI , , . (IETF RFC 2396) , (HTML 4.0) . , URI (, -) Linux, ( ) , , man: info:. . , URI. For information on how to embed URIs (including URLs) in a data format, see documentation on that format. HTML uses the format text . Texinfo files use the format @uref{uri}. Man and mdoc have the recently added UR macro, or just include the URI in the text (viewers should be able to detect :// as part of a URI). GNOME KDE URI, . GNOME , KDE -- ; info GNOME , KDE -- ( KDE, ). , KDE . KDE HTML, . GNOME ghelp. file:, URI. , info:. GNOME KDE URI, . . URI . , URL, , . , URL . , . URL , , <<>> , , , , . URL, , : , . , . URL , ( ) . gopher URL , SMTP. URL, , , , . , URI (, CR LF telnet), . , , . URI. , URI- <>, , <> . , URI . , ( /usr/doc, /usr/local/doc, /usr/share - ). , ZZZ, , (, ). , ( , ), file: . URI (, <>), , , . , file:. URI. URI, URI, (, , , ) URI. lynx(1), man2html(1), mailaddr(7), utf-8(7) IETF RFC 2255 () Azamat Hackimov , Dmitriy Ovchinnikov , Dmitry Bolkhovskikh , Katrin Kutepova , Yuri Kozlov , Kirill Rekhov ; GNU (GNU General Public License - GPL, 3 ) , - . - , , () () () <>. Linux 6.15 17 2025 . uri(7)