TRACEROUTE(8) traceroute - traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f ttl_] [-g ,...] [-i device] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr] [-q nqueries] [-N squeries] [-t tos] [-l flow_label] [-w waittimes] [-z sendwait] [-UL] [-D] [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method] [-O mod_options] [--mtu] [--back] host [_] traceroute6 [] traceroute IP . (TTL) IP ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED . traceroute6 traceroute -6 IP . packet_len ( 60 IPv4 80 IPv6). . IP ttl ( ) ICMP " " . ttl ICMP " " ( TCP reset) "" ( 30 ). () ttl ttl . . . "*" () . : !H !N !P ( ) !S ( ) !F ( ) !X ( ) !V ( ) !C ( ) ! ( ICMP ). traceroute . UDP ( -p). ICMP TCP ( TCP ). . UDP " " ICMP. ( tcp) . / ( ). --help . -4 -6 IPv4 IPv6 . . IPv4 IPv6 traceroute IPv4. -I, --icmp ICMP ECHO -T, --tcp TCP SYN -d --debug ( ) -F, --dont-fragment . ( IPv4 DF ). packet_len MTU . --mtu ( ) . ( -F --mtu) 2.6.22 . IPv6 IPv4 mtu ( ) mtu . -f first_ttl, --first=first_ttl TTL . 1. -g --gateway= traceroute IP gateway ( ). ( ). IPv6 num,addr,addr... num ( 2). 0 (rfc5095). -i --interface= traceroute . . -m max_ttl, --max-hops=max_ttl ( TTL) traceroute. 30. -N _ --sim-queries=_ . traceroute . 16. ICMP. . -n IP . -p , --port= UDP traceroute ( ). ICMP ICMP ( ). TCP () . -t tos, --tos=tos IPv4 (TOS) . 16 ( ) 8 ( ). TOS . IPv6 . -l _, --flowlabel=_ flow_label IPv6. -w [,,], --wait=[,,] (probe). ( ) ( ). Max ( 5.0) . (traceroute) . (RTT) . here ( 3.0) . ( ) max. near ( 10.0) . ( ). ( ). . max. here / near . Here near max ( ). -q _, --queries=_ . 3. -r . . (ping) . -s _, --source=_ . . . -z sendwait, --sendwait=sendwait ( 0). 10 ( ). ICMP. -e --extensions ICMP (rfc4884). CLASS/TYPE: . MPLS (rfc4950) : MPLS:L=label,E=exp_use,S=stack_bottom,T=TTL ( /). (rfc5837) : {INC|SUB|OUT|NXT}:index,IP_addr,"name",mtu=MTU ( ). -A, --as-path-lookups AS . -V --version . ( ): --sport= . -N 1 -w 5 . ( ) . --fwmark= ( 2.6.25). -M --module= . udp default icmp (-I) tcp (-T) icmp tcp . -O . (-I -M icmp ). -O --options= . ( -O ). . -O help. -U, --udp UDP ( ). 53 (dns). -UL UDPLITE ( 53). -D, --dccp DCCP . -P --protocol= . 253 (rfc3692). --mtu (MTU) . -F -N 1. mtu F=NUM mtu . ( icmp "frag needed" ). . mtu . tos -t ( ). -F . --back . ttl 64 128 255 ( ). '-NUM'. -M name ( ). default . . udp " ". " " 33434 . "icmp unreach port" . ( ). . icmp -I icmp echo . ping(8) ICMP . 3.0 ( IPv4 IPv6 3.11) dgram icmp ( "ping") . sysctl net/ipv4/ping_group_range . : raw (raw) ( ). ( ) dgram icmp . dgram dgram icmp . tcp -T . ( 80 http). udp " " ( ) icmp ( icmp) . / . -T -p 25 -I . " " . tcp syn. tcp reset . tcp syn+ack tcp reset ( tcp ack ) tcp . tcp: syn,ack,fin,rst,psh,urg,ece,cwr tcp . flags= tcp num . ecn syn tcp ECE CWR ( rfc3168). sack,timestamps,window_scaling tcp . sysctl sysctl (/proc/sys/net/*) tcp ecn. . fastopen fastopen tcp ( syn) . mss=[] num ( ) tcp maxseg ( syn) . mss M=NUM . . . ( -N 1 ). info tcp tcp . . tcp -T -O mss sack timestamps window_scaling fastopen ( mss ). syn,sysctl. tcpconn tcp connect(2) tcp . ( ). udp -U udp ( 53 dns). . tcp ( ) . . ( dns ). . udplite -UL udplite ( 53). . : coverage=num udplite num. dccp -D DCCP (rfc4340). " " TCP. 33434. : service= DCCP num ( 1885957735). raw -P proto proto. IP . -N 1 -w 5 . : protocol=proto IP proto ( 253). . " " . icmp . 1 ( traceroute) -N 1 () . " " . -N 1 . -z -z 0.5 . ( -w ). ( ) "*" . -w ( -w 5). ping -R ( IPv4 8 ). ping(8) ping6(8) tcpdump(8) netstat(8) 3 . . : . Traceroute 11 2006 TRACEROUTE(8)