TOP(1) TOP(1) top -- Linux top [] top . , , Linux. - , , . . , -- . top , -. , , top . <<>> ' Linux 1. 2. . . . ' 3. / . . 4. . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. . ' 5. . . . . . 6. . . . . 7. 8. . b. - c. d. 9. , 10. . top (h ?) (<>). , (^C). top: 1) ; 2) /; 3) . . / . . top X-Window. top , . , , . , top, . - , top , , , , , . , , : / ^Z top fg top <> ( ) , . , top , . / reset : top 512 . 250 . , , - . , COMMAND, 3. . -w, 1. . , top , Home, End, PgUp PgDn. , : alt + h alt + j alt + k alt + l Home alt + ctrl + h PgDn alt + ctrl + j PgUp alt + ctrl + k End alt + ctrl + l , . , . , . Insert Delete , Home End ' Linux ', '. ', , . , ' ', , , '. , ', : 1. , / ' 2. , 3. , ' 4. , ' , ', ( 4096 ), top (). ' <<2. '>> ' ' . ' <<3. / >>, ', . ' . - ', ', ' 1 3. ' 4, , ' . | 1 | 2 . stack | . malloc() | . brk()/sbrk() | . POSIX shm* . mmap(PRIVATE, ANON) | . mmap(SHARED, ANON) -----------------------+---------------------- . mmap(PRIVATE, fd) | . mmap(SHARED, fd) . pgms/shared libs | 3 | 4 ', <<3. >>. %MEM - RES, ' CODE - <> 3 DATA - 1 VIRT mmap 3 RES - , ', Linux-4.5, : RSan - 1, 3, RSfd - 3 4 RSsh - 2 RSlk - RES, ' (- ) SHR - RES ( 1, 2 4, 3) SWAP - - , 4 USED - RES SWAP VIRT - , / ( ) : , (SHR) . 1. ' ' . ', <<>> - . <<=>>. -b, --batch top , top . top , , <<-n>>, . -c, --cmdline-toggle top <>. , top , , . . <>, . -d, --delay = [.] . , <> <>. , ' . , - , , top , , root ( <>). 6. . -E, --scale-summary-mem = k | m | g | t | p | e top ' : k - m - g - t - p - e - - <>. -e, --scale-task-mem = k | m | g | t | p top ' : k - m - g - t - p - - <>. -H, --threads-show top . . <>. -h, --help . -i, --idle-toggle top <>. , , , . , 4. , . -n, --iterations = , top , . -O, --list-fields -o. top , . NLS (National Language Support). -o, --sort-override = _ , , , . <<+>> <<->> , . <<+>> , <<->> -- . , , / . -p, --pid = _PID ( 1,2,3, ... -p1 -p2 -p3 ...) . , (<>), (. TGID) PID, . 20 20 pid. . pid top . , , -- : <<=>>, <> <>. <

>, <> <> . -S, --accum-time-toggle top , <>. , , . <>. -s, --secure-mode top , root. (. 6. ). -U, --filter-any-user = ( ') . - (, , ). (<>) top , . <

>, <> <> . -u, --filter-only-euser = ( ') . . (<>) top , . <

>, <> <> . -V, --version . -w, --width [=] , , top COLUMNS= LINES=, . , 512 . , ( 512), . , top COLUMNS= LINES=, . , , . -w, , . : , , top, , . -1, --single-cpu-toggle top . , , NUMA Node (<<2>>). . <<1>> <<2>>, . 2. . . 4. , . 2. : , ; ; ; 1, 5 15 2. . . , . : ; ; ; . , . , st . us : sy : ni : id : , wa : - hi : , si : , st : , <> , , . /, , - <>. , : %C.: 75,0/25,0 100[ ... ] ) <> (us + ni); ) <> (sy + hi + si + guests); ) ; ) . <<>> <<>>. - <<4>> . ) ). , , , , . . 4. , - <> <<4>>. 2. ' , () () , <>. - /proc/meminfo . 1 ', : total ( MemTotal ) free ( MemFree ) used ( MemTotal - MemAvailable ) buff/cache ( Buffers + Cached + SReclaimable ) 2 , , ', : total ( SwapTotal ) free ( SwapFree ) used ( SwapTotal - SwapFree ) avail ( MemAvailable, ' ) 2 ', , ' . , '. 3.14, 2.6.27+, , . ', , : : 18,7/15,738 [ ... ] : 0,0/7,999 [ ... ] ) ; ) ) . ' , . <<>> . ', . . 4. <>, . : = = 1024 = = 1024 = 1048576 = = 1024 = 1073741824 = = 1024 = 1099511627776 = = 1024 = 1125899906842624 = = 1024 = 1152921504606846976 3. / 3. top (). ASCII. , <> ( ). - . , . , 4. , . , ' ' ', <<()>>, . , . <> . %CPU -- , . , , top , 100%. <>. , Irix , top Solaris, . Irix/Solaris <>. : (<>) (<>), . . 4. , , <> <>. %CUC -- %CUU , . %CUU -- , , . , , . , , %CUU . %MEM -- ' (RES) '. . <<, ' Linux>>, . AGID -- Autogroup Identifier , ' , CFS . /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled, (. SID) . . , . , (, make -j) . -1, . AGNI -- Autogroup Nice Value , . ' , , -- . CGNAME -- Control Group Name , , <<->>, . , , , (CGROUPS). . CGROUPS -- Control Groups , , <<->>, . (, ', ) . , , , . . ' . . : CGROUPS, , . , ( 512 ). , . . 5. , - . CODE -- () ', , Text Resident Set (TRS ). . <<, ' Linux>>, . COMMAND -- , ' . <>, . , ( ) , : [kthreadd] . . <>, . : COMMAND, , . , ( 512 ). , . ( <>.) . 5. , - . DATA -- + () ', . ' Data Resident Set (DRS ). ' ' ' (RES), ' (VIRT). . <<, ' Linux>>, . ELAPSED -- . , . <<,>> (,), , , . , <<+>> (+) , , . ENVIRON -- , , . , , <>. : ENVIRON, , , ( 512 ). , . . . 5. , - . EXE -- , , . : EXE, , . , ( 512 ). Flags -- , . . GID -- . GROUP -- . LOGID -- . -1, . LXC -- Lxc LXC, . , (<<->>). NI -- (nice) . ' , -- . , . : . . <> <>, . NU -- NUMA , NUMA, ' (<

>). -1, NUMA . . <<2>> <<3>>, NUMA, . OOMa -- Out of Memory Adjustment Factor -1000 +1000, ' (OOM), , , ' . OOMs -- Out of Memory Score 0 +1000, , , '. << >>, 1000 << >>. P -- (SMP) , . , , , ' . , top ', ( ). PGRP -- , , . () . , (. PID) , . PID -- , , . , task_struct. (. PGRP); (. SID); (. TGID); (. TPGID). PPID -- (pid) . PR -- . <>, , . linux , , , . 2.6 , , . PSS -- ', smaps () <>, , . , <>, <> <>. , 1000 1000 , <> 1500 ( ). smaps , ', root.. PSan -- ', smaps () PSfd -- ', smaps () PSsh -- ' shmem, smaps () <> ( '), ', , . smaps , ', root.. RES -- ' () (VIRT) ' ' , . RSan, RSfd RSsh. , , ' ( ) . ' ', SWAP. , , , , ' , , SWAP. . <<, ' Linux>>, . RSS -- ', smaps () , ' . <>. , <>. smaps , ', root.. RSan -- ' () ' (RES), , ' . RSfd -- ' () ' (RES), , . ' , . RSlk -- ' () ' (RES), . RSsh -- ' () ' (RES), shm*/mmap. RUID -- . RUSER -- ' ' . S -- , : D = , I = R = S = T = t = Z = , , , -- task_struct Linux. . top (nice). SHR -- ' () ' (RES), . . , ' , . . <<, ' Linux>>, . SID -- -- (. PGRP), , . . , (. PID) , , , , . STARTED -- . , . <<:>> (:). , , <<,>> (,) , , , . SUID -- . SUPGIDS -- - , . . : SUPGIDS, , . , ( 512 ). SUPGRPS -- - , . . : SUPGRPS, , . , ( 512 ). SUSER -- ' ' . SWAP -- ' () , ', ' . . <<, ' Linux>>, . TGID -- , . PID . , mm_struct. TIME -- , . , , . <>, . . <>, . TIME+ -- , , TIME, , . TPGID -- ' -1, ' . , (. PID) (. PGRP). TTY -- . , , ( , pty ) . , ' ' . ' <>. UID -- . USED -- ' () ' , (RES), (SWAP). . <<, ' Linux>>, . USER -- ' ' . USS -- ' (<>), - . <>. smaps , ', root.. VIRT -- ' () ', . ' , , , ' , , ' , . . <<, ' Linux>>, . WCHAN -- , . , , (<<->>). ioR -- - , . <> root. ioRop -- - ( ) - . - . ioW -- - , . ioWop -- - ( ) - . - . nDRT -- , . , ' . linux 2.6 . nMaj -- , . , , , . . nMin -- , . , , , . . nTH -- , ' . nsCGROUP -- CGROUP Inode , , . nsIPC -- IPC Inode , (IPC), ' IPC System V POSIX. nsMNT -- MNT Inode , , , . nsNET -- NET Inode , , , IP-, IP-, . nsPID -- PID Inode , , , . , <> (PID #1) . nsTIME -- TIME Inode , , UTS. nsUSER -- Inode , . , , 0, root . nsUTS -- UTS Inode , NIS. UTS << UNIX>>. vMj -- , (. nMaj). vMn -- , (. nMin). 3. <> ( ) : 1) <<>> ; 2) ; 3) . , , . o , . PgUp, PgDn, Home End . o , . o <> <> , , . o <> , . . 4. , , . o <> <> , <> . . <> , top. . 5. <>, <<>> . : - , , - . , - . . 5. , . 4. . -- , , . 4. ?, =, 0, A, B, d, E, e, g, h, H, I, k, q, r, s, W, X, Y, Z, ^G, ^K, ^N, ^P, ^U, ^L, ^R 4. C, l, t, m, 1, 2, 3, 4, ! 4. : b, J, j, x, y, z : c, F, f, O, o, S, U, u, V, v, ^E : #, i, n : <, >, f, R 4. ' , a, B, b, H, M, q, S, T, w, z, 0 - 7 5. -, _, =, +, A, a, G, g, w 5. C, , , , , PgUp, PgDn, Home, End 5. L, & 5. O, o, ^O, =, + 4a. . , , . , top, . <> : top , , . '. - , , . ? | h : . . top , . <> <> . = : . - <> ( ), <> ( ), <> ( ) <> (), . PID, , , . , , . 0 : , . UID, GID, NI, PR P. A : . . 5. <>, <<>> . B : / terminfo <<>> . , , <<>> , - . : , top , . , <> /<> , , . * d | s : . , ' . 0 () , top. , . , . E : ' ' , ( 1024 ) ( 1152921504606846976 ). <<+>> , , top . , . e : ' ' , ( 1024 ) ( 1125899906842624 ). top , . ', , , . , , , , <<0>>. g : / 1 4, , <<>> . 4 , . H : , . , top . I : Irix/Solaris Solaris (<> ), . , , . * k : PID, , . PID ' , , ( ). PID top. , , SIGTERM. , - , . , , : 1) pid 2) 0 ( - ) 3) - q : * r : (nice) PID, . PID ' , , ( ). PID top. (nice) . , ' , . , . , , : 1) pid 2) 3) - W : , . top, . X : . <<+>> . : GID 5 GROUP 8 WCHAN 10 LOGID 5 LXC 8 nsCGROUP 10 RUID 5 RUSER 8 nsIPC 10 SUID 5 SUSER 8 nsMNT 10 UID 5 TTY 8 nsNET 10 USER 8 nsPID 10 nsTIME 10 nsUSER 10 nsUTS 10 , . . ' , top , , . : , top . , . Y : <> PID . . , top . : , top. 6. . , . , , . -, <>. . = , / , <> n , <<&>> <> , b , g , G , Z : ' , <<>> . 4. ' . ^G : ( Ctrl + `g') ^K : ( Ctrl + `k') ^N : ( Ctrl + `n') ^P : ( Ctrl + `p') ^U : ( Ctrl + `u') , ( ) . top. <> <<=>>. <>, , . Ctrl+N (). ', , . <> rcfile, . pipe ^I Environment ^I cat /proc/%d/environ | tr '\0' '\n' . <> 6. , . <>, <>-, , . ^L : ( Ctrl + `l') 10 , , , top. <<^L>> , <<=>>. Tab . * ^R : ( Ctrl + `r') PID, AGNI . PID , , ( ). AGNI . , ' , . ' AGNI. , . * , (<<*>>), , . 4. -- . . <<>> . . 5. <>, <<>> . C : , , . 5. . l : / , ( ) <<>> . t : / 2 , <<1>>, <<2>> <<3>> , top . - <>, , . : 1. 2. / % + 3. / % + 4. - , NUMA. , <<1>>, <<2>> <<3>> . m : '/ ' , '. : 1. ' 2. % / + 3. % / + 4. ' 1 : / , <>. ' , . <<%C:>> , <<1>> , . , , <<%0, %1, ...>>, . 2 : NUMA/ <<1>> () NUMA. , NUMA. 3 : NUMA , NUMA. , <<1>>, <<2>> <<4>>. , NUMA. 4 : - <<1>> ' . <<4>> , '. 8 . . , , , - <>, , . , 8 , - <<1>>. 5 : P- E- - , <> <<1>>, <<2>>, <<3>> <>, . , , (P-) (E-). , , <<%0, %1, ...>>, / , P- (), E- (). <<5>>, <<%CpP>> <<%CpE>>, . P- (%CpP). E- (%CpE). - , <<%>>. , . ! : - , , - <<4>>, . <> , . , <> <<0-1, 2-3, ...>> <<%0, %1, %2, %3, ...>>. - <> <<0-3, 4-7, ...>>. , <> , <<0-7, 8-15, ...>> . , , , <<1>> <<4>> ( ). <<=>>, . : , . , () <<>> . 4. . , <<>> (. 5. ). J : ( ) . , . j : ( ) . , . <> ( ). b : / , <> <>. , ' <> <>. x : . , , , , . , : 1) 2) <> y : <<>> . , . 3. , <> ( ). . . z : / <<>> . , <>, <> <>. c : / , COMMAND . , , . F : , , . , . () <<>> . () . . : <> ( ), <> ( ), <> ( ) ; , . f : , , . 3. . O | o : , , <<>> . . , top . [u0414]. 5. , ' . S : , , . , , . , <> , , , , , . , <> . , , . , , . U | u : uid ' , . <<-u>> , <<-U>> - (, , ). . (<>) top , . . , <<>> , , . V : , COMMAND . (. <>) (. <>). : - , , <<>> . . 4. , , . v : / . ( ) <<>> . . 5. , . , . , . ^E : ( Ctrl + <>) , , . , . , , , . , <<:.>>, ^E : <<:>>, <<,>>, <<+>> , , <<+>>. . i : . , , , . , %CPU TIME+, , , , . , , . n | # : , . -- . , , . , . : , . top , top. , , top, . - A ( ) M %MEM N PID P %CPU T TIME+ - , top <>. , . , . : 1) 2) <> < : , . > : , . , , . f : , , , , . , , top . R : / << >> << >>. 4. ' <>, . <<>> top. . 4 8 B :/ b :<<>>/ z :/ a/w :, / : q : <> <> , , , . , , - <>. , ' <<>> . <> , , top. 5. 5. /: , . 4 (. <>, ). 4 . 4 . , . - . , , . : <<>> , ' , , ' . , <<>> . , . (, <>), , <<>>. 5. - | _ : / <<->> <<>> . , <>. - , . <<_>> . , - , . 4 , . * = | + :/ <<=>> <<>> <> ( ), <> ( ), <> ( ), <> ( ), <> ( ), <> (), <> () <> ( ). , , . . 5. , . <<+>> . ' , , , , - <<=>>. * A : . , . , , , . * a | w :--/ <<>> , , , , . , - - . ( <> ), <<>> /, , , . G : / , <<>> . ( <> ). * , (*), . =, A, g a, w ' * g : / 1 4, , <<>> . <<>> . <> <>. 5. , / , /. , - . ,PgUp : , , <<>> . , PgUp . ,PgDn : , , <<>> . , PgDn . , : . : , / , , . , . , - , . , , , . , . <> . Home : . End : , , . : . , . C : , , . . , . : y = n/n (), x = n/n () : y = n/n (), x = n/n () + nn n/n <<>> . <<+ nn>> . 8- . y = n/n () n , . n . x = n/n () n , . n , , <>. , , <<>> . : - , , . , , /. 5. , . L :Locate-a-string , . . . , . , , . <<&>>, . & :Locate-next , top . , , , , . (. <>). , . - . . , . 3. . . / , . 5. . . / , . <>. . , , PID , %CPU -- . , ( ) <<>> , , <<&>> . , , <<>> . 5. , , , <<>> . , rcfile <>. : 1) ; 2) 3) . top. , , ' . ' / . 1. , 2. ' 3. , 4. , <> 5. 6. 7. 1 2 8. , . , , . O : ( ) . o : ( ) , . ^O : ( Ctrl + <>) , <<>> . . = : <<>> . , , , 4. . + : , . , <<=>>, , 5. . . 3 ' . , , , . #1 #2 #3 ( ' ) - ? -- ! - ? -- #4 ( ) #1, #3 #4 . #2 ' , , : (<<=>>) (<<<>> <<>>>). <<=>> <<>>. <<>>> <<<>> , . . , , . , , , . ', , . , , <<100.0m>> () <<1.000g>> () . , . , <>, <> <>. GROUP , . GROUP=root ( , ) GROUP=ROOT ( <> ) RES / , '. , . RES>9999 ( , ) !RES<10000 ( ' <<>> ) nMin , . , , 4 . . , , 9999, 2,6m, 197k . nMin>9999 ( ) , - . , , (^O). , . , nTH, . , . , . !nTH=` 1 ' ( ' ) nTH>1 ( , ) COMMAND, , 3 . !COMMAND=` `- ' ( ' ) (^O). . PR , 20 , '. , , nMin <<9999>>, . `PR>20' + `!PR=-' ( 2 ) `!nMin=0 ' + `!nMin=1 ' + `!nMin=2 ' + `!nMin=3 ' ... 6. 6. <>. `$HOME/.--4-top' + `rc' . procps/--4-top' + <> . procps , $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, , $HOME/.config. , : # 1: / " # 2: id,altscr,irixps,delay,curwin # a: winname,fieldscur # b: winflags,sortindx,maxtasks " # c: summclr,msgsclr,headclr,taskclr # 15: " # ' " # << >>, 5 , " # <>, 6 rc , , top, . 6. <>, top. , / , , . rc top, <>, ' . echo . echo rc, (>), (>>) . , , , , top, . , <<#>> , . 3 , (, 2 <<\t>>): .type: <> <> .name: , .fmts: . , <>, fopen, <<.fmts>>. , <> popen, <<.fmts>> , . , <<.fmts>>, PID , , <<%d>>, . .fmts= /proc/%d/numa_maps .fmts= lsof -P -p %d <>, , , stderr stdout . , : .fmts= pmap -x %d 2>&1 , ' rc. <<#>>. (^I) , . # pipe ^I Sockets ^I lsof -n -P -i 2>&1 pipe ^I Open Files ^I lsof -P -p %d 2>&1 file ^I NUMA Info ^I /proc/%d/numa_maps pipe ^I Log ^I tail -n100 /var/log/syslog | sort -Mr , , echo , , rc <<.toprc>>. , <>, <>, , . "pipe\tOpen Files\tlsof -P -p %d 2>&1" >> ~/.toprc "file\tNUMA Info\t/proc/%d/numa_maps" >> ~/.toprc "pipe\tLog\ttail -n200 /var/log/syslog | sort -Mr" >> ~/.toprc - , , ^C, , , . , <<^I>>. , . , <>, <> . # <<\t>> ... # ^I <_> ^I /proc/%d/status # `\t' ... pipe ^I <_> ^I cat /proc/%d/status | expand - : SIGINT. , <>, , Ctrl-C , . , <<^C>> top. pipe ^I Trace ^I /usr/bin/strace -p %d 2>&1 , <> , . , , <>. , , <<:>> . , . , , , , . : pid ... : /, ... : help 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... rc top <<.name>>, <> , , . . 6. , . , , <>, . . 1. top <>. 2. - <>. 3. /etc/, `topdefaultrc'. 6. , . , , , top. . k r (nice) d s / top. , /etc/ <>. , : s # 1: 5.0 # 2: 7. , . LIBPROC_HIDE_KERNEL - / . 8. , top. (nice) -10, . 7. . o , , , . , - . Linux, 0,09 . x-window xterm . , : . : nice -n -10 top -d.09 . , . . ( TIME/MEM) , Linux, , , , . o xterm - ' top , , . , , 0,3 . , , . o rc . , <> ( , . 4. , ), <> <>. , -d0 ( ). , top, -- 300% . top TIME, , , top top. 7. - . o 3 4 - , - <>. , <>, , , , top . o : ' (<>); (<>); , , . , <> <>, -- -. o 4 , , , - <>. << >>. 7. . o 4 , <<>> 1:Def. , <>, << >>. , / - <<_>>. : top ? 7. , . o top COMMAND () . , - <> , , - <>. / , (<<+>> ). xterm, . , - <>, COMMAND. , , COMMAND. , . , -- , 9. , , . 10. . free(1), ps(1), uptime(1), atop(1), slabtop(1), vmstat(8), w(1) procps-ng 2023 TOP(1)