'\" t
.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH tempnam 3 2024-05-02 "Linux man-pages 6.9.1"
.SH NAME
tempnam \- create a name for a temporary file
.SH LIBRARY
Standard C library
.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <stdio.h>
.P
.BI "char *tempnam(const char *" dir ", const char *" pfx );
.fi
.P
.RS -4
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
.RE
.P
.BR tempnam ():
.nf
    Since glibc 2.19:
        _DEFAULT_SOURCE
    glibc 2.19 and earlier:
        _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I "Never use this function."
Use
.BR mkstemp (3)
or
.BR tmpfile (3)
instead.
.P
The
.BR tempnam ()
function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename,
and such that a file with this name did not exist when
.BR tempnam ()
checked.
The filename suffix of the pathname generated will start with
.I pfx
in case
.I pfx
is a non-NULL string of at most five bytes.
The directory prefix part of the pathname generated is required to
be "appropriate" (often that at least implies writable).
.P
Attempts to find an appropriate directory go through the following
steps:
.TP 3
a)
In case the environment variable
.B TMPDIR
exists and
contains the name of an appropriate directory, that is used.
.TP
b)
Otherwise, if the
.I dir
argument is non-NULL and appropriate, it is used.
.TP
c)
Otherwise,
.I P_tmpdir
(as defined in
.IR <stdio.h> )
is used when appropriate.
.TP
d)
Finally an implementation-defined directory may be used.
.P
The string returned by
.BR tempnam ()
is allocated using
.BR malloc (3)
and hence should be freed by
.BR free (3).
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, the
.BR tempnam ()
function returns a pointer to a unique temporary filename.
It returns NULL if a unique name cannot be generated, with
.I errno
set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B ENOMEM
Allocation of storage failed.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface	Attribute	Value
T{
.na
.nh
.BR tempnam ()
T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe env
.TE
.SH STANDARDS
POSIX.1-2008.
.SH HISTORY
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
Obsoleted in POSIX.1-2008.
.SH NOTES
Although
.BR tempnam ()
generates names that are difficult to guess,
it is nevertheless possible that between the time that
.BR tempnam ()
returns a pathname, and the time that the program opens it,
another program might create that pathname using
.BR open (2),
or create it as a symbolic link.
This can lead to security holes.
To avoid such possibilities, use the
.BR open (2)
.B O_EXCL
flag to open the pathname.
Or better yet, use
.BR mkstemp (3)
or
.BR tmpfile (3).
.P
SUSv2 does not mention the use of
.BR TMPDIR ;
glibc will use it only
when the program is not set-user-ID.
On SVr4, the directory used under \fBd)\fP is
.I /tmp
(and this is what glibc does).
.P
Because it dynamically allocates memory used to return the pathname,
.BR tempnam ()
is reentrant, and thus thread safe, unlike
.BR tmpnam (3).
.P
The
.BR tempnam ()
function generates a different string each time it is called,
up to
.B TMP_MAX
(defined in
.IR <stdio.h> )
times.
If it is called more than
.B TMP_MAX
times,
the behavior is implementation defined.
.P
.BR tempnam ()
uses at most the first five bytes from
.IR pfx .
.P
The glibc implementation of
.BR tempnam ()
fails with the error
.B EEXIST
upon failure to find a unique name.
.SH BUGS
The precise meaning of "appropriate" is undefined;
it is unspecified how accessibility of a directory is determined.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mkstemp (3),
.BR mktemp (3),
.BR tmpfile (3),
.BR tmpnam (3)