SYSTEMCTL(1) systemctl SYSTEMCTL(1) systemctl - systemd systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [UNIT...] systemctl "systemd". systemd(1) . : ( ) list-units [PATTERN...] systemd . . --all. PATTERN . --type= --state= . . . foo@.service -- foo@bar.service. list-unit-files ( ) . sys-module-fuse.device /sys/module/fuse -.mount Root Mount boot-efi.mount /boot/efi systemd-journald.service systemd-logind.service user@1000.service UID 1000 ... systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer LOAD = . ACTIVE = SUB. SUB = . 123 . --all . 'systemctl list-unit-files'. . . LOAD loaded not-found bad-setting error masked. ACTIVE : 1. +----------------------+-----------------------------+ | | | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ | | | | | | | | ... | | | | | | | | | . | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |inactive | | | | | | | | | | ... | | | | | | | | | . | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |failed | | | | inactive ( | | | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ). | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ | | | | | inactive | | | active. | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |deactivating | | | | active | | | inactive. | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |maintenance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |reloading | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ |refreshing | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | +----------------------+-----------------------------+ SUB . LOAD ACTIVE SUB systemd . systemctl --state=help . . list-automounts [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . WHAT WHERE MOUNTED IDLE TIMEOUT UNIT /dev/sdb1 /mnt/test no 120s mnt-test.automount binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc yes 0 proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount . --show-types --all --state=. 252. list-paths [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . PATH CONDITION UNIT ACTIVATES /run/systemd/ask-password DirectoryNotEmpty systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service /run/systemd/ask-password DirectoryNotEmpty systemd-ask-password-wall.path systemd-ask-password-wall.service /var/cache/cups/org.cups.cupsd PathExists cups.path cups.service 3 . --show-types --all --state=. 254. list-sockets [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service /dev/rfkill systemd-rfkill.socket systemd-rfkill.service ... 5 . : . --show-types --all --state=. 202. list-timers [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES - - Thu 2017-02-23 13:40:29 EST 3 days ago ureadahead-stop.timer ureadahead-stop.service Sun 2017-02-26 18:55:42 EST 1min 14s left Thu 2017-02-23 13:54:44 EST 3 days ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service Sun 2017-02-26 20:37:16 EST 1h 42min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service Sun 2017-02-26 20:57:49 EST 2h 3min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago snapd.refresh.timer snapd.refresh.service NEXT . LEFT . LAST . PASSED . UNIT ACTIVATES . --all --state=. 209. is-active PATTERN... ( ). 0 . --quiet . is-failed [PATTERN...] "failed" (). "degraded" () is-system-running. 0 . --quiet . 197. status [PATTERN...|PID...]] . --type= --state= --failed . --all . glob PID PID. --type= --state= --failed TYPE ACTIVE. . show . 10 . --lines --full . journalctl --unit=NAME journalctl --user-unit=NAME . ( ) ( ). journalctl --unit=. systemd status . . . 1. systemctl status $ systemctl status bluetooth bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 13:54:04 EST; 1 weeks 0 days ago Docs: man:bluetoothd(8) Main PID: 930 (bluetoothd) Status: "Running" Tasks: 1 Memory: 648.0K CPU: 435ms CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service 930 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Not enough free handles to register service Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Current Time Service could not be registered Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5) ("") . : "inactive" "maintenance" ("O") "active" ("") "deactivating" "failed" "error" ("x") "reloading" "refreshing" (""). ":Loaded" "loaded" . ":Loaded": "error" "not-found" "bad-setting" "masked" . . . -- "masked" -- is-enabled. ":Active" . "active" "inactive". . "activating" "deactivating". "failed" . . show [PATTERN...|JOB...] . . . . --all . --property=. . status . systemctl show . . "MainPID" ( ) "...USec" "...Sec" . D-Bus org.freedesktop.systemd1(5). cat PATTERN... . "fragment" () "drop-ins" ( ) . . daemon-reload . 209. help PATTERN...|PID... . PID . 185. list-dependencies [UNIT...] . Requires= Requisite= Wants= ConsistsOf= BindsTo= Upholds=. default.target. --type= --state= . --plain. (targets) . --all . --reverse --after --before . . . 198. start PATTERN... () . (glob) . . systemd . start . . --all . "" . systemctl start --all GLOB . stop PATTERN... () . ( RefuseManualStop= systemd.unit(5)). (ExecStop= .) . . --no-warn . reload PATTERN... . systemd. systemd daemon-reload. : Apache httpd.conf Apache systemd apache.service. daemon-reload. restart PATTERN... . . . ( FileDescriptorStoreMax= systemd.service(5)) . systemctl stop systemctl start. try-restart PATTERN... . . enqueue-marked // / "needs-*" . . set-property Markers=.... --no-block systemctl . 260. reload-or-restart PATTERN... . . . --marked enqueue-marked. try-reload-or-restart PATTERN... . . . 229. isolate UNIT IgnoreOnIsolate=yes ( systemd.unit(5)). ".target". . AllowIsolate=. systemd.unit(5) . kill PATTERN... . --kill-whom= . --signal= . --kill-value= POSIX (Realtime) . clean PATTERN... . --what= . ConfigurationDirectory= StateDirectory= CacheDirectory= LogsDirectory= RuntimeDirectory= systemd.exec(5) . FileDescriptorStoreMax= systemd.service(5) . Persistent= --what=state systemd.timer(5). . --what= ( ). . . 2. --what= +-----------------------+------------------------------+ | | | | | | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |" | RuntimeDirectory= | |" | | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"state" | StateDirectory= | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"cache" | CacheDirectory= | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"logs" | LogsDirectory= | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"configuration" | ConfigurationDirectory= | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"fdstore" | FileDescriptorStorePreserve= | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"all" | | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ |"help" | | | | | | | | +-----------------------+------------------------------+ 243. freeze PATTERN... cgroup cgroup . . cgroup . . 246. thaw PATTERN... ( ) . freeze cgroup . 246. set-property UNIT PROPERTY=VALUE... . . ( systemd.resource-control(5)) . --runtime . . : systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200 . . : systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200 MemoryMax=2G IPAccounting=yes . : systemctl set-property avahi-daemon.service IPAddressDeny= 206. bind UNIT PATH [PATH] (bind-mount) . . . --read-only . --mkdir . (: RootImage= PrivateMounts= ). AF_UNIX FIFO. . . ( ExecReload= ExecStartPre= ) . . . 248. mount-image UNIT IMAGE [PATH [PARTITION_NAME:MOUNT_OPTIONS]] . ( RootImage=/RootDirectory=). . MountImages= . --read-only . --mkdir . ( RootImage= PrivateMounts= ). . ( ExecReload= ExecStartPre= ) . . . : systemctl mount-image foo.service /tmp/img.raw /var/lib/image root:ro,nosuid systemctl mount-image --mkdir bar.service /tmp/img.raw /var/lib/baz/img 248. service-log-level SERVICE [LEVEL] LEVEL SERVICE. LEVEL LEVEL. syslog 0...7 emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug syslog(3) . BusName=destination org.freedesktop.LogControl1(5) . ( systemctl D-Bus org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel D-Bus destination.) 247. service-log-target SERVICE [TARGET] TARGET SERVICE. TARGET TARGET. console ( ) kmsg ( ) journal ( systemd-journald.service(8) ) syslog ( syslog /dev/log) null ( ) auto ( console journal syslog ). . "" console journal null . . BusName=destination org.freedesktop.LogControl1(5) . ( systemctl D-Bus org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel D-Bus destination.) 247. reset-failed [PATTERN...] "failed" () . ( ) "failed" . <<>> (failed) : . ( StartLimitIntervalSec=/StartLimitBurst=) . whoami [PID...] (PIDs) ( ). systemctl. 254. list-unit-files [PATTERN...] ( is-enabled). PATTERN ( ). list-units . 233. enable UNIT..., enable PATH... . [Install] . ( daemon-reload) . . --now start . ( foo@bar.service) . ( ) ( ). start. systemd ( /home/ /var/ ). . --quiet. [Install] . . . daemon-reload . . --no-warn . () start. : . ( ). ( ) ( ) . --system --user --runtime --global . systemd. enable . disable UNIT... . enable link. enable link. disable enable disable enable . . Also= [Install] . . . --now stop . ( ) . --quiet. . --no-warn . --user . --no-warn. --system --user --runtime --global --no-warn enable. 238. reenable UNIT... . disable enable [Install] . . . . --now try-restart . 238. preset UNIT... / . disable enable . --preset-mode= . . UNIT . systemd.preset(5). 238. preset-all ( ). --preset-mode= . 215. is-enabled UNIT... ( enable). 0 . ( ). --quiet. --full. 3. is-enabled +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"enabled | | 0 | |()" | | | | | .wants/ | | | | .requires/ | | | | Alias= ( | | | | | | | | /etc/systemd/system/ | | | | | | | | /run/systemd/system/). | | +------------------------+ | | |"enabled-runtime | | | |( | | | | | | | |)" | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"linked | | > 0 | |()" | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ( | | | | /etc/systemd/system/ | | | | | | | | | | | | /run/systemd/system/) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +------------------------+ | | |"linked-runtime | | | |( | | | | | | | |)" | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"alias" | | 0 | | | | | | | ( | | | | | | | | ). | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"masked | | > 0 | |()" | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ( | | | | /etc/systemd/system/ | | | | | | | | | | | | /run/systemd/systemd/). | | +------------------------+ | | |"masked-runtime | | | |( | | | | | | | |)" | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"static ()" | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Install] | | | | | | | | . | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"indirect ( | | 0 | |)" | | | | | | | | | | | | | Also= | | | | [Install] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Also=. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DefaultInstance=. | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"disabled | | > 0 | |()" | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Install] | | | | | | | | . | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"generated | | 0 | |()" | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | | | systemd.generator(7). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"transient | | 0 | |()" | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"bad ()" | | > 0 | | | | | | | . | | | | is-enabled | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | list-unit-files. | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |"not-found ( | | 4 | |)" | . | | +------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ 238. mask UNIT... . /dev/null . disable . . --runtime . --now . . /etc/systemd/system/ ( --runtime) /run/systemd/system/ ( --runtime). . ( /usr/lib/systemd/system/ ) ( ). --user . . --no-warn . 238. unmask UNIT... . mask. . 238. link PATH... . . disable. start . systemd ( /home/ /var/ ). 233. revert UNIT... . drop-in . "foo.service" "foo.service.d/" ( /etc/systemd/system /run/systemd/system) ( /usr/) . ( /etc/systemd/system /run/systemd/system /usr/) . . systemctl edit systemctl set-property systemctl mask . 230. add-wants TARGET UNIT..., add-requires TARGET UNIT... "Wants=" "Requires=" TARGET . --system --user --runtime --global enable. 217. edit UNIT... drop-in . --system () --user --global . ( <<>> ) . systemctl daemon-reload --system systemctl daemon-reload --user. edit --global ( ). --full . drop-in. --drop-in= drop-in override.conf . . --force ( --full) drop-in . --runtime /run/ . --stdin . . . /etc/ /run/. 218. get-default . ( ) default.target. 205. set-default TARGET . ( ) default.target . 205. list-machines [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . 212. list-jobs [PATTERN...] . PATTERN . --after --before . 233. cancel [JOB...] . . 233. systemd . ASCII . . UTF-8 . ( (NL) (TAB) (ESC) ASCII UTF-8 ). _SC_ARG_MAX sysconf(3). show-environment systemd. . . "VARIABLE=value". -- "VARIABLE=$'value'". bash(1) zsh(1) ksh(1) ash(1) busybox(1) dash(1) fish(1). IPC ( set-environment ). . set-environment VARIABLE=VALUE... . . . ( ) . show-environment . 233. unset-environment VARIABLE... systemd. . . . ( ) . show-environment . . 233. import-environment VARIABLE... systemd. . . systemctl. . ( ) . . . 209. daemon-reload systemd. ( systemd.generator(7)) . systemd . ( b.service a.service) (a.service). . . . reload. daemon-reexec systemd. . . daemon-reload. systemd . log-level [] . LEVEL LEVEL ( --log-level= systemd(1)). 244. log-target [TARGET] . TARGET TARGET ( --log-target= systemd(1)). 244. service-watchdogs [yes|no] . (WatchdogSec=) ( OnFailure= StartLimitAction=) systemd.service(5). (hardware watchdog) . 244. is-system-running . ( 0) . ( ). . --quiet . --wait . --wait initializing starting ( running degraded). 4. is-system-running +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |initializing | | > 0 | | | | | | | | | | | basic.target | | | | | | | | maintenance. | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |starting | | > 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (rescue | | | | targets). | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |running | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |degraded | | > 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |maintenance | | > 0 | | | (rescue) | | | | | | | | (emergency) . | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |stopping | | > 0 | | | | | | | . | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |offline | | > 0 | | | . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (PID 1). | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ |unknown | | > 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | | +----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+ 215. default . systemctl isolate default.target. --no-block . rescue . systemctl isolate rescue.target. --no-block . emergency . systemctl isolate emergency.target. --no-block . halt . systemctl start halt.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block (wall message) . . . systemctl poweroff ( ). --force . --force . . --force systemctl . . --when= . --when=cancel . poweroff . systemctl start poweroff.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block . . --force --when= halt. reboot . systemctl start reboot.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block . . --reboot-argument= reboot(2). --boot-loader-entry= --boot-loader-menu= --firmware-setup . . --force --when= halt. kexec --load kexec "SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_AUTO_KEXEC=1". "/run/nextroot/" soft-reboot "SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_AUTO_SOFT_REBOOT=1". 246. kexec kexec. kexec . initrd . --force kexec . systemctl start kexec.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block. UAPI.1[1] . UEFI . bootctl list bootctl(1). . --force --when= halt. kexec --load kexec reboot "SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_AUTO_KEXEC=1". soft-reboot (userspace). systemctl start soft-reboot.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block. . --force --when= halt. . systemd-soft-reboot.service(8) . "/run/nextroot/" soft-reboot reboot "SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_AUTO_SOFT_REBOOT=1". 254. exit [EXIT_CODE] . ( --user) poweroff . . EXIT_CODE. 227. switch-root [ROOT [INIT]] . initrd initrd ( "init" PID 1) . : PID 1. /sysroot/. systemd . systemd initrd initrd. 209. sleep suspend hibernate hybrid-sleep suspend-then-hibernate. systemd-logind.service(8). suspend-then-hibernate suspend hibernate . SleepOperation= logind.conf(5) . . /. 256. suspend . suspend.target. . /. --force systemd-logind . hibernate . hibernate.target. . /. --force suspend. hybrid-sleep . hybrid-sleep.target. . /. --force suspend. 196. suspend-then-hibernate systemd-sleep.conf. suspend-then-hibernate.target. . / /. --force suspend. 240. ( UNIT) ( PATTERN...). . ( "") systemctl ".service" . # systemctl start sshd # systemctl start sshd.service # systemctl isolate default # systemctl isolate default.target () () . # systemctl status /dev/sda # systemctl status /home : # systemctl status dev-sda.device # systemctl status home.mount (globs) . . glob fnmatch(3) "*" "?" "[]". glob(7) . . : # systemctl stop "sshd@*.service" sshd@.service. . UNIT ( ) : # systemctl enable foo.service # systemctl link /path/to/foo.service : -t --type= service socket. list-units list-dependencies show status . . help . --state= LOAD SUB ACTIVE. list-units list-dependencies show status . --state=failed --failed . help . 206. -p --property= // show . "MainPID". . . . systemctl show systemd-system.conf(5). ( ) . . systemd.unit(5) systemd.service(5) systemd.socket(5) . -P --value --property= "=". -P -p/--property=. 246. -a --all list-units . // . list-unit-files . list-dependencies ( ). status . " " (blob data). ( .) -r --recursive . (":") . 212. --reverse list-dependencies WantedBy= RequiredBy= UpheldBy= PartOf= BoundBy= Wants= . 203. -- list-dependencies . After=. After= Before=. WantedBy= ( systemd.target(5)) ( RequiresMountsFor=). list-dependencies. list-jobs . --before . 203. --before list-dependencies . Before=. list-jobs . --after . 212. --with-dependencies status cat list-units list-unit-files . --reverse --after --before . 245. -l --full status list-units list-jobs list-timers. is-enabled. --value show "=". -P . 230. --show-types . 202. --job-mode= . "fail" "lenient" "replace" "replace-irreversibly" "isolate" "ignore-dependencies" "ignore-requirements" "flush" "triggering" "restart-dependencies". "replace" isolate "isolate". "fail" ( : ) . "lenient" . "replace" () . "replace-irreversibly" "replace" . ( ). cancel. shutdown.target. "isolate" . isolate. "flush" . "ignore-dependencies" . . . "ignore-requirements" "ignore-dependencies" . "triggering" systemctl stop. . Triggers= systemd.unit(5) . "restart-dependencies" systemctl start. . 209. -T --show-transaction ( systemctl start ) . . . . 242. --fail --job-mode=fail. kill . 227. --check-inhibitors= (inhibitor locks). "auto" "yes" "no". "auto" logind systemctl ( TTY) . "no" systemctl systemd-logind(8). ( ) . . ( "no"). --force . 248. -i --check-inhibitors=no. 198. --dry-run . halt poweroff reboot kexec suspend hibernate hybrid-sleep suspend-then-hibernate default rescue emergency exit. 236. -q --quiet . ( show). . -v --verbose . 258. --no-warn : o systemctl procfs /proc/ o enable disable ( [Install] ) o disable --user o stop- disable- mask- o daemon-reload. 253. --no-block . systemctl . . --wait. --wait start restart . --no-block. ( ) "RemainAfterExit=yes". is-system-running . kill . . 232. --user . --system . . --failed . --state=failed. 233. --no-wall (wall) . --global enable disable . --no-reload enable disable preset mask unmask . --kill-whom= kill UNIX. main control cgroup all . . . ExecStartPre= ExecStop= ExecReload= . . Type=forking ExecStart= ( ). ExecStart= . . . ( /usr/bin/mount /usr/bin/umount) . all --kill-subgroup= cgroup. 252. --kill-value=INT kill () . POSIX ( --signal=SIGRTMIN+... --signal=SIGRTMAX-...) sigqueue(3) kill(3). 32 ( "0x") ( "0o") ( "0b") --kill-whom=all . 254. --kill-subgroup= kill. ( / ( ) -- --kill-whom=). . "cgroup" "cgroup-fail" --kill-whom= --kill-subgroup=. . ( Delegate= systemd.resource-control(5)). 258. -s --signal= kill . SIGTERM SIGINT SIGSTOP. SIGTERM. "help" "list" . --what= clean . configuration state cache logs runtime fdstore . . all . cache runtime fdstore . fdstore FileDescriptorStorePreserve= . 243. -f --force enable . edit . suspend hibernate hybrid-sleep suspend-then-hibernate systemd-logind . halt poweroff reboot kexec . . . --force ( kexec) . --force . --force systemctl . . --message= halt poweroff reboot . . 225. --now enable disable mask reenable // . 220. --root= enable/disable/is-enabled ( ) . systemctl systemd . --image=image . . --root= . GPT UAPI.2[2]. systemd-nspawn(1) . 252. --image-policy= systemd.image-policy(7). --image= . "*" . --runtime enable disable edit ( ) . /etc/ /run/ . set-property . --preset-mode= "full" () "enable-only" "disable-only". preset preset-all . 215. -n --lines= status . 0 . 10. -o --output= status . journalctl(1). "short". --firmware-setup reboot poweroff halt (firmware) . . 220. --boot-loader-menu=_ reboot poweroff halt . -- . . . 242. --boot-loader-entry= reboot poweroff halt . "help" . . 242. --reboot-argument= reboot. . "recovery" "fota" " ". 246. --plain list-dependencies list-units list-machines . 203. --timestamp= . : pretty ( ) " YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS TZ" 248. "@---" 251. us s " YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU TZ" 248. utc " YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC" 248. us+utc s+utc " YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU UTC" 248. 247. --mkdir bind (bind mount). FIFO. 248. --read-only bind (bind mount) . 248. --drop-in= edit (drop-in) override.conf. 253. --when= halt poweroff reboot kexec "PARSING TIMESTAMPS" systemd.time(7). "show" "cancel". "auto" . 254. --stdin edit . . "" : $ systemctl edit --drop-in=limits.conf --stdin some-service.service < "" . 256. -H --host= . "@" . ssh ":" "/" . SSH . machinectl -H . IPv6 . -M --machine= . "@" . ".host" ( : "--user --machine=lennart@.host"). "@" (root). "@" ( ) ".host". -C --capsule= . . capsule@.service(5) . 256. --no-ask-password . --no-pager (pager). --legend=_ (legend) . --quiet . -h --help . --version . 0 . systemctl LSB LSB 3.0.0[3]. 5. LSB +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ | | | | | | LSB | systemd | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ |0 | " | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | " | | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ |1 | " | | | | | | | | | | | | | ( | | | (pid) /var/run | | | | " | is-failed) | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ |2 | " | unused | | | | | | | lock | | | | /var/lock | | | | " | | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ |3 | " | | | | | | | | " | | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ |4 | " | | | | | | | | | | | | " | | +-------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+ LSB systemd - . $SYSTEMD_EDITOR $EDITOR $VISUAL. $SYSTEMD_EDITOR $EDITOR $VISUAL systemctl : editor(1) nano(1) vim(1) vi(1). 218. $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL ( ). . ( ) emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug 0 7. syslog(3) . console syslog kmsg journal (: SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug,console:info debug info). . $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR . tty . journalctl(1) . $SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME . . journalctl(1) . $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION . . . . $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET . : console ( ) console-prefixed ( "" syslog(3) kmsg ( ) journal ( ) journal-or-kmsg ( kmsg ) auto ( ) null ( ). $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER --no-pager. $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER. $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER less(1) more(1) . . "cat" --no-pager. : $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER ( "cat" "") . $SYSTEMD_LESS less ( "FRSXMK"). : K Ctrl+C. less Ctrl+C . $SYSTEMD_LESS "K" less Ctrl+C . X termcap . . . $LESS less systemd. less(1) . $SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET less ( "utf-8" UTF-8). $LESSCHARSET less systemd. $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE (pager) less(1) "" . sudo(8) pkexec(1) . . " " ( ). " " --no-pager PAGER=cat . . (true) " " . " " LESSSECURE=1 . less(1) " ". false (pager). SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=0 . $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE systemd " " . " " UID geteuid(2) sd_pid_get_owner_uid(3) sudo(8) ( $SUDO_UID [4]). SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=1 " " . . $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE . $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE . $SYSTEMD_COLORS (boolean) . ( ) systemd . $COLORTERM "truecolor" "24bit" 24 256 $NO_COLOR $TERM . true $NO_COLOR. false . "16" "256" "24bit" ANSI 16 256 24 . "auto-16" "auto-256" "auto-24bit" $TERM . $SYSTEMD_URLIFY . . systemd $TERM . systemd(1) journalctl(1) loginctl(1) machinectl(1) systemd.unit(5) systemd.resource-control(5) systemd.special(7) wall(1) systemd.preset(5) systemd.generator(7) glob(7) 1. UAPI.1 https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification 2. UAPI.2 https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification 3. LSB 3.0.0 http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-PDA/LSB-PDA/iniscrptact.html 4. $SUDO_UID . 3 . . : . systemd 260.1 SYSTEMCTL(1)