std::basic_iostream< _CharT, _Traits >(3)             Library Functions Manual

NAME
       std::basic_iostream< _CharT, _Traits > - Template class basic_iostream.


SYNOPSIS
       #include <istream>

       Inherits std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >, and std::basic_ostream<
       _CharT, _Traits >.

       Inherited by std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >, and
       std::basic_stringstream< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >.

   Public Types
       typedef ctype< _CharT > __ctype_type
       typedef ctype< _CharT > __ctype_type
       typedef basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits > __ios_type
       typedef basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits > __ios_type
       typedef basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > __istream_type
       typedef num_get< _CharT, istreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > >
           __num_get_type
       typedef num_put< _CharT, ostreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > >
           __num_put_type
       typedef basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > __ostream_type
       typedef basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > __streambuf_type
       typedef basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > __streambuf_type
       typedef _CharT char_type
       enum event { erase_event, imbue_event, copyfmt_event }
           The set of events that may be passed to an event callback.
       typedef void(* event_callback) (event __e, ios_base &__b, int __i)
           The type of an event callback function.
       typedef _Ios_Fmtflags fmtflags
           This is a bitmask type.
       typedef _Traits::int_type int_type
       typedef _Ios_Iostate iostate
           This is a bitmask type.
       typedef _Traits::off_type off_type
       typedef _Ios_Openmode openmode
           This is a bitmask type.
       typedef _Traits::pos_type pos_type
       typedef _Ios_Seekdir seekdir
           This is an enumerated type.
       typedef _Traits traits_type


           typedef num_put< _CharT, ostreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > >
               __num_put_type

   Public Member Functions
       basic_iostream (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
           Constructor does nothing.
       virtual ~basic_iostream ()
           Destructor does nothing.
       template<typename _ValueT > basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > &
           _M_extract (_ValueT &__v)
       const locale & _M_getloc () const
           Locale access.
       template<typename _ValueT > basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > &
           _M_insert (_ValueT __v)
       void _M_setstate (iostate __state)
       bool bad () const
           Fast error checking.
       void clear (iostate __state=goodbit)
           [Re]sets the error state.
       basic_ios & copyfmt (const basic_ios &__rhs)
           Copies fields of __rhs into this.
       bool eof () const
           Fast error checking.
       iostate exceptions () const
           Throwing exceptions on errors.
       void exceptions (iostate __except)
           Throwing exceptions on errors.
       bool fail () const
           Fast error checking.
       char_type fill () const
           Retrieves the empty character.
       char_type fill (char_type __ch)
           Sets a new empty character.
       fmtflags flags () const
           Access to format flags.
       fmtflags flags (fmtflags __fmtfl)
           Setting new format flags all at once.
       __ostream_type & flush ()
           Synchronizing the stream buffer.
       streamsize gcount () const
           Character counting.
       basic_istream< char > & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n,
           char_type __delim)
           Explicit specialization declarations, defined in src/istream.cc.
       basic_istream< wchar_t > & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n,
           char_type __delim)
       locale getloc () const
           Locale access.
       bool good () const
           Fast error checking.
       basic_istream< char > & ignore (streamsize __n)
       basic_istream< wchar_t > & ignore (streamsize __n)
       basic_istream< char > & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
       basic_istream< wchar_t > & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
       locale imbue (const locale &__loc)
           Moves to a new locale.
       long & iword (int __ix)
           Access to integer array.
       char narrow (char_type __c, char __dfault) const
           Squeezes characters.
       __ostream_type & operator<< (__streambuf_type *__sb)
           Extracting from another streambuf.
       __ostream_type & operator<< (const void *__p)
           Pointer arithmetic inserters.
       __ostream_type & operator<< (nullptr_t)
       __istream_type & operator>> (__streambuf_type *__sb)
           Extracting into another streambuf.
       __istream_type & operator>> (void *&__p)
           Basic arithmetic extractors.
       streamsize precision () const
           Flags access.
       streamsize precision (streamsize __prec)
           Changing flags.
       void *& pword (int __ix)
           Access to void pointer array.
       basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * rdbuf () const
           Accessing the underlying buffer.
       basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * rdbuf (basic_streambuf< _CharT,
           _Traits > *__sb)
           Changing the underlying buffer.
       iostate rdstate () const
           Returns the error state of the stream buffer.
       void register_callback (event_callback __fn, int __index)
           Add the callback __fn with parameter __index.
       __ostream_type & seekp (off_type, ios_base::seekdir)
           Changing the current write position.
       __ostream_type & seekp (pos_type)
           Changing the current write position.
       fmtflags setf (fmtflags __fmtfl)
           Setting new format flags.
       fmtflags setf (fmtflags __fmtfl, fmtflags __mask)
           Setting new format flags.
       void setstate (iostate __state)
           Sets additional flags in the error state.
       pos_type tellp ()
           Getting the current write position.
       basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie () const
           Fetches the current tied stream.
       basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie (basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
           > *__tiestr)
           Ties this stream to an output stream.
       void unsetf (fmtflags __mask)
           Clearing format flags.
       char_type widen (char __c) const
           Widens characters.
       streamsize width () const
           Flags access.
       streamsize width (streamsize __wide)
           Changing flags.


           __istream_type & operator>> (__istream_type &(*__pf)(__istream_type
               &))
               Interface for manipulators.
           __istream_type & operator>> (__ios_type &(*__pf)(__ios_type &))
               Interface for manipulators.
           __istream_type & operator>> (ios_base &(*__pf)(ios_base &))
               Interface for manipulators.

       Extractors
       All the operator>> functions (aka formatted input functions) have some
       common behavior. Each starts by constructing a temporary object of type
       std::basic_istream::sentry with the second argument (noskipws) set to
       false. This has several effects, concluding with the setting of a
       status flag; see the sentry documentation for more.

       If the sentry status is good, the function tries to extract whatever
       data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

       If an exception is thrown during extraction, ios_base::badbit will be
       turned on in the stream's error state (without causing an
       ios_base::failure to be thrown) and the original exception will be
       rethrown if badbit is set in the exceptions mask.

           __istream_type & operator>> (bool &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (short &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (unsigned short &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (int &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (unsigned int &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (long &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (unsigned long &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (long long &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (unsigned long long &__n)
               Integer arithmetic extractors.


           __istream_type & operator>> (float &__f)
               Floating point arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (double &__f)
               Floating point arithmetic extractors.
           __istream_type & operator>> (long double &__f)
               Floating point arithmetic extractors.

       Unformatted Input Functions
       All the unformatted input functions have some common behavior. Each
       starts by constructing a temporary object of type
       std::basic_istream::sentry with the second argument (noskipws) set to
       true. This has several effects, concluding with the setting of a status
       flag; see the sentry documentation for more.

       If the sentry status is good, the function tries to extract whatever
       data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

       The number of characters extracted is stored for later retrieval by
       gcount().

       If an exception is thrown during extraction, ios_base::badbit will be
       turned on in the stream's error state (without causing an
       ios_base::failure to be thrown) and the original exception will be
       rethrown if badbit is set in the exceptions mask.

           int_type get ()
               Simple extraction.
           __istream_type & get (char_type &__c)
               Simple extraction.
           __istream_type & get (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type
               __delim)
               Simple multiple-character extraction.
           __istream_type & get (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
               Simple multiple-character extraction.
           __istream_type & get (__streambuf_type &__sb, char_type __delim)
               Extraction into another streambuf.
           __istream_type & get (__streambuf_type &__sb)
               Extraction into another streambuf.
           __istream_type & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type
               __delim)
               String extraction.
           __istream_type & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
               String extraction.
           __istream_type & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
               Discarding characters.
           __istream_type & ignore (streamsize __n)
               Simple extraction.
           __istream_type & ignore ()
               Simple extraction.
           int_type peek ()
               Looking ahead in the stream.
           __istream_type & read (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
               Extraction without delimiters.
           streamsize readsome (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
               Extraction until the buffer is exhausted, but no more.
           __istream_type & putback (char_type __c)
               Unextracting a single character.
           __istream_type & unget ()
               Unextracting the previous character.
           int sync ()
               Synchronizing the stream buffer.
           pos_type tellg ()
               Getting the current read position.
           __istream_type & seekg (pos_type)
               Changing the current read position.
           __istream_type & seekg (off_type, ios_base::seekdir)
               Changing the current read position.


           operator bool () const
               The quick-and-easy status check.
           bool operator! () const
               The quick-and-easy status check.


           __ostream_type & operator<< (__ostream_type &(*__pf)(__ostream_type
               &))
               Interface for manipulators.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (__ios_type &(*__pf)(__ios_type &))
               Interface for manipulators.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (ios_base &(*__pf)(ios_base &))
               Interface for manipulators.

       Inserters
       All the operator<< functions (aka formatted output functions) have some
       common behavior. Each starts by constructing a temporary object of type
       std::basic_ostream::sentry. This can have several effects, concluding
       with the setting of a status flag; see the sentry documentation for
       more.

       If the sentry status is good, the function tries to generate whatever
       data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

       If an exception is thrown during insertion, ios_base::badbit will be
       turned on in the stream's error state without causing an
       ios_base::failure to be thrown. The original exception will then be
       rethrown.

           __ostream_type & operator<< (long __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (unsigned long __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (bool __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (short __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (unsigned short __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (int __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (unsigned int __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (long long __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (unsigned long long __n)
               Integer arithmetic inserters.


           __ostream_type & operator<< (double __f)
               Floating point arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (float __f)
               Floating point arithmetic inserters.
           __ostream_type & operator<< (long double __f)
               Floating point arithmetic inserters.

       Unformatted Output Functions
       All the unformatted output functions have some common behavior. Each
       starts by constructing a temporary object of type
       std::basic_ostream::sentry. This has several effects, concluding with
       the setting of a status flag; see the sentry documentation for more.

       If the sentry status is good, the function tries to generate whatever
       data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

       If an exception is thrown during insertion, ios_base::badbit will be
       turned on in the stream's error state. If badbit is on in the stream's
       exceptions mask, the exception will be rethrown without completing its
       actions.

           __ostream_type & put (char_type __c)
               Simple insertion.
           __ostream_type & write (const char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
               Character string insertion.

   Static Public Member Functions
       static bool sync_with_stdio (bool __sync=true)
           Interaction with the standard C I/O objects.
       static int xalloc ()  throw ()
           Access to unique indices.

   Static Public Attributes
       static const openmode __noreplace
       static const fmtflags adjustfield
           A mask of left|right|internal. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
       static const openmode app
           Seek to end before each write.
       static const openmode ate
           Open and seek to end immediately after opening.
       static const iostate badbit
           Indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence (such
           as an irrecoverable read error from a file).
       static const fmtflags basefield
           A mask of dec|oct|hex. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
       static const seekdir beg
           Request a seek relative to the beginning of the stream.
       static const openmode binary
           Perform input and output in binary mode (as opposed to text mode).
           This is probably not what you think it is; see
           https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary.
       static const fmtflags boolalpha
           Insert/extract bool in alphabetic rather than numeric format.
       static const seekdir cur
           Request a seek relative to the current position within the
           sequence.
       static const fmtflags dec
           Converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base.
       static const seekdir end
           Request a seek relative to the current end of the sequence.
       static const iostate eofbit
           Indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input
           sequence.
       static const iostate failbit
           Indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected
           characters, or that an output operation failed to generate the
           desired characters.
       static const fmtflags fixed
           Generate floating-point output in fixed-point notation.
       static const fmtflags floatfield
           A mask of scientific|fixed. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
       static const iostate goodbit
           Indicates all is well.
       static const fmtflags hex
           Converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal
           base.
       static const openmode in
           Open for input. Default for ifstream and fstream.
       static const fmtflags internal
           Adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain
           generated output, or identical to right if no such point is
           designated.
       static const fmtflags left
           Adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain
           generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush left.)
       static const fmtflags oct
           Converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base.
       static const openmode out
           Open for output. Default for ofstream and fstream.
       static const fmtflags right
           Adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain
           generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush right.)
       static const fmtflags scientific
           Generates floating-point output in scientific notation.
       static const fmtflags showbase
           Generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer
           output.
       static const fmtflags showpoint
           Generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated
           floating-point output.
       static const fmtflags showpos
           Generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output.
       static const fmtflags skipws
           Skips leading white space before certain input operations.
       static const openmode trunc
           Truncate an existing stream when opening. Default for ofstream.
       static const fmtflags unitbuf
           Flushes output after each output operation.
       static const fmtflags uppercase
           Replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents
           in generated output.

   Protected Types
       enum { _S_local_word_size }

   Protected Member Functions
       basic_iostream (basic_iostream &&__rhs)
       basic_iostream (const basic_iostream &)=delete
       void _M_cache_locale (const locale &__loc)
       void _M_call_callbacks (event __ev)  throw ()
       void _M_dispose_callbacks (void)  throw ()
       template<typename _ValueT > __istream_type & _M_extract (_ValueT &__v)
       _Words & _M_grow_words (int __index, bool __iword)
       void _M_init ()  throw ()
       template<typename _ValueT > __ostream_type & _M_insert (_ValueT __v)
       void _M_move (ios_base &) noexcept
       void _M_swap (ios_base &__rhs) noexcept
       void init (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
           All setup is performed here.
       void move (basic_ios &&__rhs)
       void move (basic_ios &__rhs)
       basic_iostream & operator= (basic_iostream &&__rhs)
       basic_iostream & operator= (const basic_iostream &)=delete
       void set_rdbuf (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
       void swap (basic_ios &__rhs) noexcept
       void swap (basic_iostream &__rhs)
       void swap (basic_istream &__rhs)
       void swap (basic_ostream &__rhs)

   Protected Attributes
       _Callback_list * _M_callbacks
       const __ctype_type * _M_ctype
       iostate _M_exception
       char_type _M_fill
       bool _M_fill_init
       fmtflags _M_flags
       streamsize _M_gcount
       locale _M_ios_locale
       _Words _M_local_word [_S_local_word_size]
       const __num_get_type * _M_num_get
       const __num_put_type * _M_num_put
       streamsize _M_precision
       basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * _M_streambuf
       iostate _M_streambuf_state
       basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * _M_tie
       streamsize _M_width
       _Words * _M_word
       int _M_word_size
       _Words _M_word_zero

Detailed Description
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
       class std::basic_iostream< _CharT, _Traits >"Template class
       basic_iostream.



       Template Parameters
           _CharT Type of character stream.
           _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to char_traits<_CharT>.

       This class multiply inherits from the input and output stream classes
       simply to provide a single interface.

Member Typedef Documentation
   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > typedef num_put<_CharT,
       ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits> > std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::__num_put_type [inherited]
       These are non-standard types.

   typedef void(* std::ios_base::event_callback) (event __e, ios_base &__b,
       int __i) [inherited]
       The type of an event callback function.

       Parameters
           __e One of the members of the event enum.
           __b Reference to the ios_base object.
           __i The integer provided when the callback was registered.

       Event callbacks are user defined functions that get called during
       several ios_base and basic_ios functions, specifically imbue(),
       copyfmt(), and ~ios().

   typedef _Ios_Fmtflags std::ios_base::fmtflags [inherited]
       This is a bitmask type. _Ios_Fmtflags is implementation-defined, but it
       is valid to perform bitwise operations on these values and expect the
       Right Thing to happen. Defined objects of type fmtflags are:

       o boolalpha

       o dec

       o fixed

       o hex

       o internal

       o left

       o oct

       o right

       o scientific

       o showbase

       o showpoint

       o showpos

       o skipws

       o unitbuf

       o uppercase

       o adjustfield

       o basefield

       o floatfield

   typedef _Ios_Iostate std::ios_base::iostate [inherited]
       This is a bitmask type. _Ios_Iostate is implementation-defined, but it
       is valid to perform bitwise operations on these values and expect the
       Right Thing to happen. Defined objects of type iostate are:

       o badbit

       o eofbit

       o failbit

       o goodbit

   typedef _Ios_Openmode std::ios_base::openmode [inherited]
       This is a bitmask type. _Ios_Openmode is implementation-defined, but it
       is valid to perform bitwise operations on these values and expect the
       Right Thing to happen. Defined objects of type openmode are:

       o app

       o ate

       o binary

       o in

       o out

       o trunc

   typedef _Ios_Seekdir std::ios_base::seekdir [inherited]
       This is an enumerated type. _Ios_Seekdir is implementation-defined.
       Defined values of type seekdir are:

       o beg

       o cur, equivalent to SEEK_CUR in the C standard library.

       o end, equivalent to SEEK_END in the C standard library.

Member Enumeration Documentation
   enum std::ios_base::event [inherited]
       The set of events that may be passed to an event callback. erase_event
       is used during ~ios() and copyfmt(). imbue_event is used during
       imbue(). copyfmt_event is used during copyfmt().

Constructor & Destructor Documentation
   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > std::basic_iostream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::basic_iostream (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * __sb)
       [inline],  [explicit]
       Constructor does nothing. Both of the parent classes are initialized
       with the same streambuf pointer passed to this constructor.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > virtual std::basic_iostream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::~basic_iostream () [inline],  [virtual]
       Destructor does nothing.

Member Function Documentation
   const locale & std::ios_base::_M_getloc () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Locale access.

       Returns
           A reference to the current locale.

       Like getloc above, but returns a reference instead of generating a
       copy.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > bool std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::bad () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Fast error checking.

       Returns
           True if the badbit is set.

       Note that other iostate flags may also be set.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > void std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::clear (iostate __state = goodbit) [inherited]
       [Re]sets the error state.

       Parameters
           __state The new state flag(s) to set.

       See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most users will
       not need to pass an argument.

       References std::forward().

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::exceptions(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_fstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::open(), std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(),
       std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ofstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate(), and std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::unget().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >
       & std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt (const basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits > & __rhs) [inherited]
       Copies fields of __rhs into this.

       Parameters
           __rhs The source values for the copies.

       Returns
           Reference to this object.

       All fields of __rhs are copied into this object except that rdbuf() and
       rdstate() remain unchanged. All values in the pword and iword arrays
       are copied. Before copying, each callback is invoked with erase_event.
       After copying, each (new) callback is invoked with copyfmt_event. The
       final step is to copy exceptions().

       References std::__addressof(), std::forward(), std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::tie(), and std::tie().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > bool std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::eof () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Fast error checking.

       Returns
           True if the eofbit is set.

       Note that other iostate flags may also be set.

       References std::ios_base::eofbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > iostate std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::exceptions () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Throwing exceptions on errors.

       Returns
           The current exceptions mask.

       This changes nothing in the stream. See the one-argument version of
       exceptions(iostate) for the meaning of the return value.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > void std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::exceptions (iostate __except) [inline],  [inherited]
       Throwing exceptions on errors.

       Parameters
           __except The new exceptions mask.

       By default, error flags are set silently. You can set an exceptions
       mask for each stream; if a bit in the mask becomes set in the error
       flags, then an exception of type std::ios_base::failure is thrown.

       If the error flag is already set when the exceptions mask is added, the
       exception is immediately thrown. Try running the following under GCC
       3.1 or later:

       #include <iostream>
       #include <fstream>
       #include <exception>

       int main()
       {
           std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);

           std::ifstream f ("/etc/motd");

           std::cerr << "Setting badbit\n";
           f.setstate (std::ios_base::badbit);

           std::cerr << "Setting exception mask\n";
           f.exceptions (std::ios_base::badbit);
       }


       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear(), and
       std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > bool std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::fail () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Fast error checking.

       Returns
           True if either the badbit or the failbit is set.

       Checking the badbit in fail() is historical practice. Note that other
       iostate flags may also be set.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::operator bool(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::operator!(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::seekg(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), and std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::tellp().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > char_type std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::fill () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Retrieves the empty character.

       Returns
           The current fill character.

       It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::widen().

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > char_type std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::fill (char_type __ch) [inline],  [inherited]
       Sets a new empty character.

       Parameters
           __ch The new character.

       Returns
           The previous fill character.

       The fill character is used to fill out space when P+ characters have
       been requested (e.g., via setw), Q characters are actually used, and
       Q<P. It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill(), and
       std::forward().

   fmtflags std::ios_base::flags () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Access to format flags.

       Returns
           The format control flags for both input and output.

       Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::~sentry().

   fmtflags std::ios_base::flags (fmtflags __fmtfl) [inline],  [inherited]
       Setting new format flags all at once.

       Parameters
           __fmtfl The new flags to set.

       Returns
           The previous format control flags.

       This function overwrites all the format flags with __fmtfl.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush () [inherited]
       Synchronizing the stream buffer.

       Returns
           *this

       If rdbuf() is a null pointer, changes nothing.

       Otherwise, calls rdbuf()->pubsync(), and if that returns -1, sets
       badbit.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > streamsize
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::gcount () const [inline],
       [inherited]
       Character counting.

       Returns
           The number of characters extracted by the previous unformatted
           input function dispatched for this stream.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::int_type std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get (void)
       [inherited]
       Simple extraction.

       Returns
           A character, or eof().

       Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and
       returns traits::eof().

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), and
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get (__streambuf_type & __sb)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Extraction into another streambuf.

       Parameters
           __sb A streambuf in which to store data.

       Returns
           *this

       Returns get(__sb,widen('\n')).

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::widen().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get
       (__streambuf_type & __sb, char_type __delim) [inherited]
       Extraction into another streambuf.

       Parameters
           __sb A streambuf in which to store data.
           __delim A 'stop' character.

       Returns
           *this

       Characters are extracted and inserted into __sb until one of the
       following happens:

       o the input sequence reaches EOF

       o insertion into the output buffer fails (in this case, the character
         that would have been inserted is not extracted)

       o the next character equals __delim (in this case, the character is not
         extracted)

       o an exception occurs (and in this case is caught)

       If no characters are stored, failbit is set in the stream's error
       state.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::forward(), and std::ios_base::goodbit.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get (char_type &
       __c) [inherited]
       Simple extraction.

       Parameters
           __c The character in which to store data.

       Returns
           *this

       Tries to extract a character and store it in __c. If none are
       available, sets failbit and returns traits::eof().

       Note
           This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get (char_type * __s, streamsize
       __n) [inline],  [inherited]
       Simple multiple-character extraction.

       Parameters
           __s Pointer to an array.
           __n Maximum number of characters to store in s.

       Returns
           *this

       Returns get(__s,__n,widen('\n')).

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::widen().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get (char_type *
       __s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim) [inherited]
       Simple multiple-character extraction.

       Parameters
           __s Pointer to an array.
           __n Maximum number of characters to store in __s.
           __delim A 'stop' character.

       Returns
           *this

       Characters are extracted and stored into __s until one of the following
       happens:

       o __n-1 characters are stored

       o the input sequence reaches EOF

       o the next character equals __delim, in which case the character is not
         extracted

       If no characters are stored, failbit is set in the stream's error
       state.

       In any case, a null character is stored into the next location in the
       array.

       Note
           This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::getline (char_type * __s,
       streamsize __n) [inline],  [inherited]
       String extraction.

       Parameters
           __s A character array in which to store the data.
           __n Maximum number of characters to extract.

       Returns
           *this

       Returns getline(__s,__n,widen('\n')).

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::getline(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::widen().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::getline (char_type *
       __s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim) [inherited]
       String extraction.

       Parameters
           __s A character array in which to store the data.
           __n Maximum number of characters to extract.
           __delim A 'stop' character.

       Returns
           *this

       Extracts and stores characters into __s until one of the following
       happens. Note that these criteria are required to be tested in the
       order listed here, to allow an input line to exactly fill the __s array
       without setting failbit.

       1.  the input sequence reaches end-of-file, in which case eofbit is set
           in the stream error state

       2.  the next character equals __delim, in which case the character is
           extracted (and therefore counted in gcount()) but not stored

       3.  __n-1 characters are stored, in which case failbit is set in the
           stream error state

       If no characters are extracted, failbit is set. (An empty line of input
       should therefore not cause failbit to be set.)

       In any case, a null character is stored in the next location in the
       array.

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::getline().

   basic_istream< char > & std::basic_istream< char >::getline (char_type *
       __s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim) [inherited]
       Explicit specialization declarations, defined in src/istream.cc.

   locale std::ios_base::getloc () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Locale access.

       Returns
           A copy of the current locale.

       If imbue(loc) has previously been called, then this function returns
       loc. Otherwise, it returns a copy of std::locale(), the global C++
       locale.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > bool std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::good () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Fast error checking.

       Returns
           True if no error flags are set.

       A wrapper around rdstate.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore (void)
       [inherited]
       Simple extraction.

       Returns
           A character, or eof().

       Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and
       returns traits::eof().

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::eofbit, std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore (streamsize
       __n) [inherited]
       Simple extraction.

       Returns
           A character, or eof().

       Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and
       returns traits::eof().

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore (streamsize
       __n, int_type __delim) [inherited]
       Discarding characters.

       Parameters
           __n Number of characters to discard.
           __delim A 'stop' character.

       Returns
           *this

       Extracts characters and throws them away until one of the following
       happens:

       o if __n != std::numeric_limits<int>::max(), __n characters are
         extracted

       o the input sequence reaches end-of-file

       o the next character equals __delim (in this case, the character is
         extracted); note that this condition will never occur if __delim
         equals traits::eof().

       NB: Provide three overloads, instead of the single function (with
       defaults) mandated by the Standard: this leads to a better performing
       implementation, while still conforming to the Standard.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > locale std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::imbue (const locale & __loc) [inherited]
       Moves to a new locale.

       Parameters
           __loc The new locale.

       Returns
           The previous locale.

       Calls ios_base::imbue(loc), and if a stream buffer is associated with
       this stream, calls that buffer's pubimbue(loc).

       Additional l10n notes are at
       http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

       References std::forward(), and std::ios_base::imbue().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > void std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::init (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * __sb)
       [protected],  [inherited]
       All setup is performed here. This is called from the public
       constructor. It is not virtual and cannot be redefined.

       Referenced by std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_fstream(),
       std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_fstream(),
       std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_fstream(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ifstream(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ifstream(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ifstream(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ios(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::basic_istream(), std::basic_istringstream< _CharT,
       _Traits, _Alloc >::basic_istringstream(), std::basic_istringstream<
       _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::basic_istringstream(),
       std::basic_istringstream< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::basic_istringstream(), std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::basic_ofstream(), std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::basic_ofstream(), std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::basic_ofstream(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::basic_ostream(), std::basic_ostringstream< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::basic_ostringstream(), std::basic_ostringstream< _CharT, _Traits,
       _Alloc >::basic_ostringstream(), std::basic_ostringstream< _CharT,
       _Traits, _Alloc >::basic_ostringstream(), std::basic_stringstream<
       _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::basic_stringstream(),
       std::basic_stringstream< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::basic_stringstream(), and std::basic_stringstream< _CharT, _Traits,
       _Alloc >::basic_stringstream().

   long & std::ios_base::iword (int __ix) [inline],  [inherited]
       Access to integer array.

       Parameters
           __ix Index into the array.

       Returns
           A reference to an integer associated with the index.

       The iword function provides access to an array of integers that can be
       used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the supplied
       index. All integers in the array are initialized to 0.

       The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to
       obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array can
       grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > char std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::narrow (char_type __c, char __dfault) const [inline],
       [inherited]
       Squeezes characters.

       Parameters
           __c The character to narrow.
           __dfault The character to narrow.

       Returns
           The narrowed character.

       Maps a character of char_type to a character of char, if possible.

       Returns the result of

       std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).narrow(c,dfault)


       Additional l10n notes are at
       http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::operator bool () const [inline],  [explicit],  [inherited]
       The quick-and-easy status check. This allows you to write constructs
       such as if (!a_stream) ... and while (a_stream) ...

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > bool std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::operator! () const [inline],  [inherited]
       The quick-and-easy status check. This allows you to write constructs
       such as if (!a_stream) ... and while (a_stream) ...

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (__ios_type
       &(*)(__ios_type &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::endl and std::hex
       use these functions in constructs like 'std::cout << std::endl'. For
       more information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (__ostream_type
       &(*)(__ostream_type &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::endl and std::hex
       use these functions in constructs like 'std::cout << std::endl'. For
       more information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<
       (__streambuf_type * __sb) [inherited]
       Extracting from another streambuf.

       Parameters
           __sb A pointer to a streambuf

       This function behaves like one of the basic arithmetic extractors, in
       that it also constructs a sentry object and has the same error handling
       behavior.

       If __sb is NULL, the stream will set failbit in its error state.

       Characters are extracted from __sb and inserted into *this until one of
       the following occurs:

       o the input stream reaches end-of-file,

       o insertion into the output sequence fails (in this case, the character
         that would have been inserted is not extracted), or

       o an exception occurs while getting a character from __sb, which sets
         failbit in the error state

       If the function inserts no characters, failbit is set.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (bool __n) [inline],
       [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (const void * __p)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Pointer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __p A variable of pointer type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (double __f)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (float __f) [inline],
       [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (int __n)
       [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (ios_base
       &(*)(ios_base &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::endl and std::hex
       use these functions in constructs like 'std::cout << std::endl'. For
       more information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (long __n) [inline],
       [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (long double __f)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (long long __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (short
       __n) [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (unsigned int __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (unsigned long __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (unsigned long long
       __n) [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __ostream_type &
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<< (unsigned short __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic inserters.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to perform numeric formatting.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (__ios_type
       &(*)(__ios_type &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec
       use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more
       information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (__istream_type
       &(*)(__istream_type &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec
       use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more
       information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>
       (__streambuf_type * __sb) [inherited]
       Extracting into another streambuf.

       Parameters
           __sb A pointer to a streambuf

       This function behaves like one of the basic arithmetic extractors, in
       that it also constructs a sentry object and has the same error handling
       behavior.

       If __sb is NULL, the stream will set failbit in its error state.

       Characters are extracted from this stream and inserted into the __sb
       streambuf until one of the following occurs:

       o the input stream reaches end-of-file,

       o insertion into the output buffer fails (in this case, the character
         that would have been inserted is not extracted), or

       o an exception occurs (and in this case is caught)

       If the function inserts no characters, failbit is set.

       References std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (bool & __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (double & __f)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (float & __f)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (int &
       __n) [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (ios_base
       &(*)(ios_base &) __pf) [inline],  [inherited]
       Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec
       use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more
       information, see the iomanip header.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (long & __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (long double & __f)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Floating point arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __f A variable of builtin floating point type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (long long & __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (short &
       __n) [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::failbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (unsigned int & __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (unsigned long & __n)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (unsigned long long &
       __n) [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (unsigned short &
       __n) [inline],  [inherited]
       Integer arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __n A variable of builtin integral type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > __istream_type &
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>> (void *& __p)
       [inline],  [inherited]
       Basic arithmetic extractors.

       Parameters
           __p A variable of pointer type.

       Returns
           *this if successful

       These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the
       num_get facet) to parse the input data.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::int_type std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::peek (void)
       [inherited]
       Looking ahead in the stream.

       Returns
           The next character, or eof().

       If, after constructing the sentry object, good() is false, returns
       traits::eof(). Otherwise reads but does not extract the next input
       character.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount.

   streamsize std::ios_base::precision () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Flags access.

       Returns
           The precision to generate on certain output operations.

       Be careful if you try to give a definition of precision here; see DR
       189.

   streamsize std::ios_base::precision (streamsize __prec) [inline],
       [inherited]
       Changing flags.

       Parameters
           __prec The new precision value.

       Returns
           The previous value of precision().

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put (char_type __c)
       [inherited]
       Simple insertion.

       Parameters
           __c The character to insert.

       Returns
           *this

       Tries to insert __c.

       Note
           This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback (char_type
       __c) [inherited]
       Unextracting a single character.

       Parameters
           __c The character to push back into the input stream.

       Returns
           *this

       If rdbuf() is not null, calls rdbuf()->sputbackc(c).

       If rdbuf() is null or if sputbackc() fails, sets badbit in the error
       state.

       Note
           This function first clears eofbit. Since no characters are
           extracted, the next call to gcount() will return 0, as required by
           DR 60.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::badbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear(),
       std::ios_base::eofbit, std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit,
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf(), std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdstate(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::setstate().

   void *& std::ios_base::pword (int __ix) [inline],  [inherited]
       Access to void pointer array.

       Parameters
           __ix Index into the array.

       Returns
           A reference to a void* associated with the index.

       The pword function provides access to an array of pointers that can be
       used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the supplied
       index. All pointers in the array are initialized to 0.

       The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to
       obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array can
       grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_streambuf< _CharT,
       _Traits > * std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf () const [inline],
       [inherited]
       Accessing the underlying buffer.

       Returns
           The current stream buffer.

       This does not change the state of the stream.

       Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::~sentry(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::put(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), and std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::tellp().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_streambuf< _CharT,
       _Traits > * std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf (basic_streambuf<
       _CharT, _Traits > * __sb) [inherited]
       Changing the underlying buffer.

       Parameters
           __sb The new stream buffer.

       Returns
           The previous stream buffer.

       Associates a new buffer with the current stream, and clears the error
       state.

       Due to historical accidents which the LWG refuses to correct, the I/O
       library suffers from a design error: this function is hidden in derived
       classes by overrides of the zero-argument rdbuf(), which is non-virtual
       for hysterical raisins. As a result, you must use explicit
       qualifications to access this function via any derived class. For
       example:

       std::fstream     foo;         // or some other derived type
       std::streambuf*  p = .....;

       foo.ios::rdbuf(p);            // ios == basic_ios<char>

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > iostate std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Returns the error state of the stream buffer.

       Returns
           A bit pattern (well, isn't everything?)

       See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most users will
       call one of the interpreting wrappers, e.g., good().

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::bad(), std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::eof(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::good(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate(), and std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::unget().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read (char_type *
       __s, streamsize __n) [inherited]
       Extraction without delimiters.

       Parameters
           __s A character array.
           __n Maximum number of characters to store.

       Returns
           *this

       If the stream state is good(), extracts characters and stores them into
       __s until one of the following happens:

       o __n characters are stored

       o the input sequence reaches end-of-file, in which case the error state
         is set to failbit|eofbit.

       Note
           This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > streamsize
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome (char_type * __s,
       streamsize __n) [inherited]
       Extraction until the buffer is exhausted, but no more.

       Parameters
           __s A character array.
           __n Maximum number of characters to store.

       Returns
           The number of characters extracted.

       Extracts characters and stores them into __s depending on the number of
       characters remaining in the streambuf's buffer, rdbuf()->in_avail(),
       called A here:

       o if A == -1, sets eofbit and extracts no characters

       o if A == 0, extracts no characters

       o if A > 0, extracts min(A,n)

       The goal is to empty the current buffer, and to not request any more
       from the external input sequence controlled by the streambuf.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, std::min(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   void std::ios_base::register_callback (event_callback __fn, int __index)
       [inherited]
       Add the callback __fn with parameter __index.

       Parameters
           __fn The function to add.
           __index The integer to pass to the function when invoked.

       Registers a function as an event callback with an integer parameter to
       be passed to the function when invoked. Multiple copies of the function
       are allowed. If there are multiple callbacks, they are invoked in the
       order they were registered.

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg (off_type
       __off, ios_base::seekdir __dir) [inherited]
       Changing the current read position.

       Parameters
           __off A file offset object.
           __dir The direction in which to seek.

       Returns
           *this

       If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekoff(__off,__dir). If that
       function fails, sets failbit.

       Note
           This function first clears eofbit. It does not count the number of
           characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the
           next call to gcount().

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::clear(), std::ios_base::eofbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::fail(), std::ios_base::failbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, std::ios_base::in, std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdbuf(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg (pos_type
       __pos) [inherited]
       Changing the current read position.

       Parameters
           __pos A file position object.

       Returns
           *this

       If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekpos(__pos). If that
       function fails, sets failbit.

       Note
           This function first clears eofbit. It does not count the number of
           characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the
           next call to gcount().

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::clear(), std::ios_base::eofbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::fail(), std::ios_base::failbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, std::ios_base::in, std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdbuf(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp (off_type
       __off, ios_base::seekdir __dir) [inherited]
       Changing the current write position.

       Parameters
           __off A file offset object.
           __dir The direction in which to seek.

       Returns
           *this

       If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekoff(off,dir). If that
       function fails, sets failbit.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(),
       std::ios_base::failbit, std::forward(), std::ios_base::out,
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp (pos_type
       __pos) [inherited]
       Changing the current write position.

       Parameters
           __pos A file position object.

       Returns
           *this

       If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekpos(pos). If that function
       fails, sets failbit.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(),
       std::ios_base::failbit, std::forward(), std::ios_base::out,
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate().

   fmtflags std::ios_base::setf (fmtflags __fmtfl) [inline],  [inherited]
       Setting new format flags.

       Parameters
           __fmtfl Additional flags to set.

       Returns
           The previous format control flags.

       This function sets additional flags in format control. Flags that were
       previously set remain set.

       References std::forward().

   fmtflags std::ios_base::setf (fmtflags __fmtfl, fmtflags __mask) [inline],
       [inherited]
       Setting new format flags.

       Parameters
           __fmtfl Additional flags to set.
           __mask The flags mask for fmtfl.

       Returns
           The previous format control flags.

       This function clears mask in the format flags, then sets fmtfl & mask.
       An example mask is ios_base::adjustfield.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > void std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::setstate (iostate __state) [inline],  [inherited]
       Sets additional flags in the error state.

       Parameters
           __state The additional state flag(s) to set.

       See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.

       References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

       Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::~sentry(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::close(), std::basic_ofstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::close(), std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::close(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::open(), std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(),
       std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ifstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::open(), std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_ostream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::seekp(), and std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > int std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::sync (void) [inherited]
       Synchronizing the stream buffer.

       Returns
           0 on success, -1 on failure

       If rdbuf() is a null pointer, returns -1.

       Otherwise, calls rdbuf()->pubsync(), and if that returns -1, sets
       badbit and returns -1.

       Otherwise, returns 0.

       Note
           This function does not count the number of characters extracted, if
           any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount().

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::forward(),
       std::ios_base::goodbit, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf(), and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

   static bool std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio (bool __sync = true) [static],
       [inherited]
       Interaction with the standard C I/O objects.

       Parameters
           __sync Whether to synchronize or not.

       Returns
           True if the standard streams were previously synchronized.

       The synchronization referred to is only that between the standard C
       facilities (e.g., stdout) and the standard C++ objects (e.g., cout).
       User-declared streams are unaffected. See
       https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::pos_type std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg (void)
       [inherited]
       Getting the current read position.

       Returns
           A file position object.

       If fail() is not false, returns pos_type(-1) to indicate failure.
       Otherwise returns rdbuf()->pubseekoff(0,cur,in).

       Note
           This function does not count the number of characters extracted, if
           any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount(). At
           variance with putback, unget and seekg, eofbit is not cleared
           first.

       References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::cur, std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::fail(), std::forward(), std::ios_base::in, and
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::pos_type std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellp ()
       [inherited]
       Getting the current write position.

       Returns
           A file position object.

       If fail() is not false, returns pos_type(-1) to indicate failure.
       Otherwise returns rdbuf()->pubseekoff(0,cur,out).

       References std::ios_base::cur, std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits
       >::fail(), std::forward(), std::ios_base::out, and std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::rdbuf().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > * std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::tie () const [inline],
       [inherited]
       Fetches the current tied stream.

       Returns
           A pointer to the tied stream, or NULL if the stream is not tied.

       A stream may be tied (or synchronized) to a second output stream. When
       this stream performs any I/O, the tied stream is first flushed. For
       example, std::cin is tied to std::cout.

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > * std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::tie (basic_ostream<
       _CharT, _Traits > * __tiestr) [inline],  [inherited]
       Ties this stream to an output stream.

       Parameters
           __tiestr The output stream.

       Returns
           The previously tied output stream, or NULL if the stream was not
           tied.

       This sets up a new tie; see tie() for more.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::unget (void)
       [inherited]
       Unextracting the previous character.

       Returns
           *this

       If rdbuf() is not null, calls rdbuf()->sungetc(c).

       If rdbuf() is null or if sungetc() fails, sets badbit in the error
       state.

       Note
           This function first clears eofbit. Since no characters are
           extracted, the next call to gcount() will return 0, as required by
           DR 60.

       References std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount,
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear(), std::ios_base::eofbit,
       std::forward(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::rdstate().

   void std::ios_base::unsetf (fmtflags __mask) [inline],  [inherited]
       Clearing format flags.

       Parameters
           __mask The flags to unset.

       This function clears __mask in the format flags.

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > char_type std::basic_ios<
       _CharT, _Traits >::widen (char __c) const [inline],  [inherited]
       Widens characters.

       Parameters
           __c The character to widen.

       Returns
           The widened character.

       Maps a character of char to a character of char_type.

       Returns the result of

       std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).widen(c)


       Additional l10n notes are at
       http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

       Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), and std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::getline().

   streamsize std::ios_base::width () const [inline],  [inherited]
       Flags access.

       Returns
           The minimum field width to generate on output operations.

       Minimum field width refers to the number of characters.

   streamsize std::ios_base::width (streamsize __wide) [inline],  [inherited]
       Changing flags.

       Parameters
           __wide The new width value.

       Returns
           The previous value of width().

       References std::forward().

   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits > & std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::write (const
       char_type * __s, streamsize __n) [inherited]
       Character string insertion.

       Parameters
           __s The array to insert.
           __n Maximum number of characters to insert.

       Returns
           *this

       Characters are copied from __s and inserted into the stream until one
       of the following happens:

       o __n characters are inserted

       o inserting into the output sequence fails (in this case, badbit will
         be set in the stream's error state)

       Note
           This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

   static int std::ios_base::xalloc () [static],  [inherited]
       Access to unique indices.

       Returns
           An integer different from all previous calls.

       This function returns a unique integer every time it is called. It can
       be used for any purpose, but is primarily intended to be a unique index
       for the iword and pword functions. The expectation is that an
       application calls xalloc in order to obtain an index in the iword and
       pword arrays that can be used without fear of conflict.

       The implementation maintains a static variable that is incremented and
       returned on each invocation. xalloc is guaranteed to return an index
       that is safe to use in the iword and pword arrays.

Member Data Documentation
   template<typename _CharT , typename _Traits > streamsize
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_gcount [protected],
       [inherited]
       The number of characters extracted in the previous unformatted
       function; see gcount().

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::~basic_istream(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::gcount(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< char >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::ignore(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::ignore(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::operator>>(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::peek(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::sync(), and std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::unget().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::adjustfield [static],  [inherited]
       A mask of left|right|internal. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

       Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(),
       std::internal(), std::left(), and std::right().

   const openmode std::ios_base::app [static],  [inherited]
       Seek to end before each write.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_set_buffer(),
       std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::overflow(), and
       std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::xsputn().

   const openmode std::ios_base::ate [static],  [inherited]
       Open and seek to end immediately after opening.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::open().

   const iostate std::ios_base::badbit [static],  [inherited]
       Indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence (such as
       an irrecoverable read error from a file).

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::~sentry(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::bad(), std::basic_ios< _CharT,
       _Traits >::fail(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(), std::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::tellg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), and
       std::ws().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::basefield [static],  [inherited]
       A mask of dec|oct|hex. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

       Referenced by std::dec(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(),
       std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::hex(), and std::oct().

   const seekdir std::ios_base::beg [static],  [inherited]
       Request a seek relative to the beginning of the stream.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::seekpos().

   const openmode std::ios_base::binary [static],  [inherited]
       Perform input and output in binary mode (as opposed to text mode). This
       is probably not what you think it is; see
       https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::showmanyc().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::boolalpha [static],  [inherited]
       Insert/extract bool in alphabetic rather than numeric format.

       Referenced by std::boolalpha(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::do_get(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and
       std::noboolalpha().

   const seekdir std::ios_base::cur [static],  [inherited]
       Request a seek relative to the current position within the sequence.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::imbue(),
       std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::overflow(), std::basic_filebuf<
       _CharT, _Traits >::pbackfail(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits
       >::seekoff(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::seekoff(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), and
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellp().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::dec [static],  [inherited]
       Converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base.

       Referenced by std::dec().

   const seekdir std::ios_base::end [static],  [inherited]
       Request a seek relative to the current end of the sequence.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), and
       std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff().

   const iostate std::ios_base::eofbit [static],  [inherited]
       Indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input sequence.

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT,
       _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(),
       std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT,
       _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_date(),
       std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get<
       _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_time(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::eof(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream<
       char >::sync(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::unget(), and
       std::ws().

   const iostate std::ios_base::failbit [static],  [inherited]
       Indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected
       characters, or that an output operation failed to generate the desired
       characters.

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::close(), std::basic_ofstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::close(), std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::close(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get<
       _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(),
       std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::get(), std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(),
       std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ofstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::open(), std::basic_fstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(),
       std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::operator<<(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::seekg(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), and
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::fixed [static],  [inherited]
       Generate floating-point output in fixed-point notation.

       Referenced by std::fixed(), and std::hexfloat().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::floatfield [static],  [inherited]
       A mask of scientific|fixed. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

       Referenced by std::defaultfloat(), std::fixed(), std::hexfloat(), and
       std::scientific().

   const iostate std::ios_base::goodbit [static],  [inherited]
       Indicates all is well.

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT,
       _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter
       >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< char
       >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::time_get<
       _CharT, _InIter >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::ignore(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits
       >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(),
       std::basic_istream< char >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync(), std::basic_istream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::unget(), and std::ws().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::hex [static],  [inherited]
       Converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal base.

       Referenced by std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_put<
       _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and std::hex().

   const openmode std::ios_base::in [static],  [inherited]
       Open for input. Default for ifstream and fstream.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_set_buffer(),
       std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ifstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits,
       _Alloc >::overflow(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits
       >::pbackfail(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(),
       std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_stringbuf<
       _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT,
       _Traits, _Alloc >::seekpos(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits
       >::showmanyc(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::showmanyc(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(),
       std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::underflow(),
       std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::underflow(), and
       std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::xsgetn().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::internal [static],  [inherited]
       Adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain
       generated output, or identical to right if no such point is designated.

       Referenced by std::internal().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::left [static],  [inherited]
       Adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain
       generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush left.)

       Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and
       std::left().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::oct [static],  [inherited]
       Converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base.

       Referenced by std::oct().

   const openmode std::ios_base::out [static],  [inherited]
       Open for output. Default for ofstream and fstream.

       Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::_M_set_buffer(),
       std::basic_ofstream< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_ofstream<
       _CharT, _Traits >::open(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits
       >::overflow(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::overflow(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::pbackfail(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc
       >::seekoff(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(),
       std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_stringbuf<
       _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekpos(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT,
       _Traits >::tellp(), and std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits
       >::xsputn().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::right [static],  [inherited]
       Adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain
       generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush right.)

       Referenced by std::right().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::scientific [static],  [inherited]
       Generates floating-point output in scientific notation.

       Referenced by std::hexfloat(), and std::scientific().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::showbase [static],  [inherited]
       Generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer
       output.

       Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(),
       std::noshowbase(), and std::showbase().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::showpoint [static],  [inherited]
       Generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated
       floating-point output.

       Referenced by std::noshowpoint(), and std::showpoint().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::showpos [static],  [inherited]
       Generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output.

       Referenced by std::noshowpos(), and std::showpos().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::skipws [static],  [inherited]
       Skips leading white space before certain input operations.

       Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(),
       std::noskipws(), std::__detail::operator>>(), and std::skipws().

   const openmode std::ios_base::trunc [static],  [inherited]
       Truncate an existing stream when opening. Default for ofstream.

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::unitbuf [static],  [inherited]
       Flushes output after each output operation.

       Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::~sentry(),
       std::nounitbuf(), and std::unitbuf().

   const fmtflags std::ios_base::uppercase [static],  [inherited]
       Replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents in
       generated output.

       Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(),
       std::nouppercase(), and std::uppercase().


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                                     std::basic_iostream< _CharT, _Traits >(3)