SELECT_TUT(2) System Calls Manual SELECT_TUT(2) select, pselect - / (libc -lc) select(2) select() pselect() / " " . . select() pselect() select(2). pselect() () /. . . select() ( pselect()) errno EINTR. select() . . : select() select() . pselect(). pselect(). . SIGCHLD sigprocmask(2). pselect() SIGCHLD . : static volatile sig_atomic_t got_SIGCHLD = 0; static void child_sig_handler(int sig) { got_SIGCHLD = 1; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { sigset_t sigmask, empty_mask; struct sigaction sa; fd_set readfds, writefds, exceptfds; int r; sigemptyset(&sigmask); sigaddset(&sigmask, SIGCHLD); if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigmask, NULL) == -1) { perror("sigprocmask"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } sa.sa_flags = 0; sa.sa_handler = child_sig_handler; sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask); if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1) { perror("sigaction"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } sigemptyset(&empty_mask); for (;;) { /* */ /* readfds writefds exceptfds pselect(). ( ). */ r = pselect(nfds, &readfds, &writefds, &exceptfds, NULL, &empty_mask); if (r == -1 && errno != EINTR) { /* */ } if (got_SIGCHLD) { got_SIGCHLD = 0; /* wait() . ( ). */ } /* */ } } select() select() . / . read(2) write(2) / /. select() . select select() . . select() select(). 1. select() . . . 2. nfds . 3. select() . . 4. select() . 5. read(2) recv(2) write(2) send(2) / . / . . . 6. / . / . 1024 . 7. read(2) recv(2) write(2) send(2) select() EINTR read(2) recv(2) write(2) send(2) errno EAGAIN (EWOULDBLOCK). ( ). EINTR. / EAGAIN. 8. read(2) recv(2) write(2) send(2) . 9. read(2) recv(2) write(2) send(2) 7. 0 select() . -1 . 10. select() . pselect() . 11. select() . select(2). select(). select() (forking) (IPCs) . poll(2) select() . select(). epoll(7) select(2) poll(2) . select(). TCP TCP . #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static int forward_port; #undef max #define max(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) static int listen_socket(int listen_port) { int lfd; int yes; struct sockaddr_in addr; lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (lfd == -1) { perror("socket"); return -1; } yes = 1; if (setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) == -1) { perror("setsockopt"); close(lfd); return -1; } memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr)); addr.sin_port = htons(listen_port); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; if (bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) { perror("bind"); close(lfd); return -1; } printf("accepting connections on port %d\n", listen_port); listen(lfd, 10); return lfd; } static int connect_socket(int connect_port, char *address) { int cfd; struct sockaddr_in addr; cfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (cfd == -1) { perror("socket"); return -1; } memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr)); addr.sin_port = htons(connect_port); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; if (!inet_aton(address, (struct in_addr *) &addr.sin_addr.s_addr)) { fprintf(stderr, "inet_aton(): bad IP address format\n"); close(cfd); return -1; } if (connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) { perror("connect()"); shutdown(cfd, SHUT_RDWR); close(cfd); return -1; } return cfd; } #define SHUT_FD1 do { \ if (fd1 >= 0) { \ shutdown(fd1, SHUT_RDWR); \ close(fd1); \ fd1 = -1; \ } \ } while (0) #define SHUT_FD2 do { \ if (fd2 >= 0) { \ shutdown(fd2, SHUT_RDWR); \ close(fd2); \ fd2 = -1; \ } \ } while (0) #define BUF_SIZE 1024 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int h; int ready, nfds; int fd1 = -1, fd2 = -1; int buf1_avail = 0, buf1_written = 0; int buf2_avail = 0, buf2_written = 0; char buf1[BUF_SIZE], buf2[BUF_SIZE]; fd_set readfds, writefds, exceptfds; ssize_t nbytes; if (argc != 4) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage\n\tfwd " " \n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); forward_port = atoi(argv[2]); h = listen_socket(atoi(argv[1])); if (h == -1) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); for (;;) { nfds = 0; FD_ZERO(&readfds); FD_ZERO(&writefds); FD_ZERO(&exceptfds); FD_SET(h, &readfds); nfds = max(nfds, h); if (fd1 > 0 && buf1_avail < BUF_SIZE) FD_SET(fd1, &readfds); /* Note: nfds is updated below, when fd1 is added to exceptfds. */ if (fd2 > 0 && buf2_avail < BUF_SIZE) FD_SET(fd2, &readfds); if (fd1 > 0 && buf2_avail - buf2_written > 0) FD_SET(fd1, &writefds); if (fd2 > 0 && buf1_avail - buf1_written > 0) FD_SET(fd2, &writefds); if (fd1 > 0) { FD_SET(fd1, &exceptfds); nfds = max(nfds, fd1); } if (fd2 > 0) { FD_SET(fd2, &exceptfds); nfds = max(nfds, fd2); } ready = select(nfds + 1, &readfds, &writefds, &exceptfds, NULL); if (ready == -1 && errno == EINTR) continue; if (ready == -1) { perror("select()"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (FD_ISSET(h, &readfds)) { socklen_t addrlen; struct sockaddr_in client_addr; int fd; addrlen = sizeof(client_addr); memset(&client_addr, 0, addrlen); fd = accept(h, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &addrlen); if (fd == -1) { perror("accept()"); } else { SHUT_FD1; SHUT_FD2; buf1_avail = buf1_written = 0; buf2_avail = buf2_written = 0; fd1 = fd; fd2 = connect_socket(forward_port, argv[3]); if (fd2 == -1) SHUT_FD1; else printf("connect from %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr)); /* Skip any events on the old, closed file descriptors. */ continue; } } /* NB: read OOB data before normal reads. */ if (fd1 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd1, &exceptfds)) { char c; nbytes = recv(fd1, &c, 1, MSG_OOB); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD1; else send(fd2, &c, 1, MSG_OOB); } if (fd2 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd2, &exceptfds)) { char c; nbytes = recv(fd2, &c, 1, MSG_OOB); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD2; else send(fd1, &c, 1, MSG_OOB); } if (fd1 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd1, &readfds)) { nbytes = read(fd1, buf1 + buf1_avail, BUF_SIZE - buf1_avail); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD1; else buf1_avail += nbytes; } if (fd2 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd2, &readfds)) { nbytes = read(fd2, buf2 + buf2_avail, BUF_SIZE - buf2_avail); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD2; else buf2_avail += nbytes; } if (fd1 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd1, &writefds) && buf2_avail > 0) { nbytes = write(fd1, buf2 + buf2_written, buf2_avail - buf2_written); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD1; else buf2_written += nbytes; } if (fd2 > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd2, &writefds) && buf1_avail > 0) { nbytes = write(fd2, buf1 + buf1_written, buf1_avail - buf1_written); if (nbytes < 1) SHUT_FD2; else buf1_written += nbytes; } /* Check if write data has caught read data. */ if (buf1_written == buf1_avail) buf1_written = buf1_avail = 0; if (buf2_written == buf2_avail) buf2_written = buf2_avail = 0; /* One side has closed the connection, keep writing to the other side until empty. */ if (fd1 < 0 && buf1_avail - buf1_written == 0) SHUT_FD2; if (fd2 < 0 && buf2_avail - buf2_written == 0) SHUT_FD1; } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } TCP (OOB) telnet. . fork(2) . . / fcntl(2). . -- . . accept(2), connect(2), poll(2), read(2), recv(2), select(2), send(2), sigprocmask(2), write(2), epoll(7) 3 . . : . 6.18 8 2026 SELECT_TUT(2)