resolv.conf(5)                File Formats Manual               resolv.conf(5)

<?><?><?>
       resolv.conf - <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       (resolver)

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       /etc/resolv.conf

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       The resolver is a set of routines in the C library that provide access
       to the Internet Domain Name System (DNS).  The resolver configuration
       file contains information that is read by the resolver routines the
       first time they are invoked by a process.  The file is designed to be
       human readable and contains a list of keywords with values that provide
       various types of resolver information.  The configuration file is
       considered a trusted source of DNS information; see the trust-ad option
       below for details.

       If this file does not exist, only the name server on the local machine
       will be queried, and the search list contains the local domain name
       determined from the hostname.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

       nameserver IP-<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>, <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> IPv4 (<?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>), <?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> IPv6 <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?>,
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>),
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> RFC 2373.
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> MAXNS
              (<?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> 3, <?><?>.
              <resolv.h>) <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>,
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> nameserver, <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>. (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>: <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>,
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?>
              <?>.<?>. <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.)

       search <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              By default, the search list contains one entry, the local domain
              name.  It is determined from the local hostname returned by
              gethostname(2); the local domain name is taken to be everything
              after the first '.'.  Finally, if the hostname does not contain
              a '.', the root domain is assumed as the local domain name.

              This may be changed by listing the desired domain search path
              following the search keyword with spaces or tabs separating the
              names.  Resolver queries having fewer than ndots dots (default
              is 1) in them will be attempted using each component of the
              search path in turn until a match is found.  For environments
              with multiple subdomains please read options ndots:n below to
              avoid man-in-the-middle attacks and unnecessary traffic for the
              root-dns-servers.  Note that this process may be slow and will
              generate a lot of network traffic if the servers for the listed
              domains are not local, and that queries will time out if no
              server is available for one of the domains.

              If there are multiple search directives, only the search list
              from the last instance is used.

              <?>  glibc 2.25 <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 256
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.26
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              The domain directive is an obsolete name for the search
              directive that handles one search list entry only.

       sortlist
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> gethostbyname(3). <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> IP-<?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> -- <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?>. IP-<?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> 10 <?><?><?>.
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>:

                  sortlist 130.155.160.0/255.255.240.0 130.155.0.0

       options
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

                     options <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> ...

              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

              debug  <?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_DEBUG <?> _res.options
                     (<?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?> glibc
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>; <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     resolver(3)).

              ndots:n
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> res_query(3) (<?><?>. resolver(3))
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> n <?><?><?><?><?> 1,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     15.

              timeout:n
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>. <?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_TIMEOUT (<?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> 5, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <resolv.h>).
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> 30.

              attempts:n
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> RES_DFLRETRY
                     (<?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> 2,
                     <?><?>. <resolv.h>). <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     5.

              rotate <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_ROTATE
                     <?> _res.options, <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              no-aaaa (since glibc 2.36)
                     Sets RES_NOAAAA in _res.options, which suppresses AAAA
                     queries made by the stub resolver, including AAAA lookups
                     triggered by NSS-based interfaces such as getaddrinfo(3).
                     Only DNS lookups are affected: IPv6 data in hosts(5)  is
                     still used, getaddrinfo(3)  with AI_PASSIVE will still
                     produce IPv6 addresses, and configured IPv6 name servers
                     are still used.  To produce correct Name Error (NXDOMAIN)
                     results, AAAA queries are translated to A queries.  This
                     option is intended preliminary for diagnostic purposes,
                     to rule out that AAAA DNS queries have adverse impact.
                     It is incompatible with EDNS0 usage and DNSSEC validation
                     by applications.

              no-check-names
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     RES_NOCHECKNAME <?> _res.options, <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> BIND
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (_), <?><?>-ASCII
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              inet6  <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_USE_INET6
                     <?> _res.options. <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> AAAA
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> A
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     gethostbyname(3), <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> IPv4 <?>
                     <<<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?>>> IPv6, <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     AAAA <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> A.
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.25 <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>;
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> getaddrinfo(3), <?>
                     <?><?> gethostbyname(3).

              ip6-bytestring (since glibc 2.3.4 to glibc 2.24)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     RES_USE_BSTRING <?> _res.options. <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> IPv6 <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> RFC 2673; <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>),
                     <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>.
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.25, <?><?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> DNS, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              ip6-dotint/no-ip6-dotint (glibc 2.3.4 to glibc 2.24)
                     Clear/set RES_NOIP6DOTINT in _res.options.  When this
                     option is clear (ip6-dotint), reverse IPv6 lookups are
                     made in the (deprecated) ip6.int zone; when this option
                     is set (no-ip6-dotint), reverse IPv6 lookups are made in
                     the ip6.arpa zone by default.  These options are
                     available up to glibc 2.24, where no-ip6-dotint is the
                     default.  Since ip6-dotint support long ago ceased to be
                     available on the Internet, these options were removed in
                     glibc 2.25.

              edns0 (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.6)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_USE_EDNS0
                     <?> _res.options. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> DNS,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> RFC 2671.

              single-request (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.10)
                     Sets RES_SNGLKUP in _res.options.  By default, glibc
                     performs IPv4 and IPv6 lookups in parallel since glibc
                     2.9.  Some appliance DNS servers cannot handle these
                     queries properly and make the requests time out.  This
                     option disables the behavior and makes glibc perform the
                     IPv6 and IPv4 requests sequentially (at the cost of some
                     slowdown of the resolving process).

              single-request-reopen (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.9)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_SNGLKUPREOP <?> _res.options.
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> A <?>
                     AAAA. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>.
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>.
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              no-tld-query (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.14)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     RES_NOTLDQUERY <?> _res.options. <?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     res_nsearch() <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
                     <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <<localhost>> <?><?><?> TLD, <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> localhost <?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?> <?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_DEFNAMES <?><?><?>
                     RES_DNSRCH.

              use-vc (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.14)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_USEVC <?> _res.options.
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> TCP <?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> DNS.

              no-reload (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.26)
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> RES_NORELOAD <?>
                     _res.options.  <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
                     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

              trust-ad (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.31)
                     Sets RES_TRUSTAD in _res.options.  This option controls
                     the AD bit behavior of the stub resolver.  If a
                     validating resolver sets the AD bit in a response, it
                     indicates that the data in the response was verified
                     according to the DNSSEC protocol.  In order to rely on
                     the AD bit, the local system has to trust both the
                     DNSSEC-validating resolver and the network path to it,
                     which is why an explicit opt-in is required.  If the
                     trust-ad option is active, the stub resolver sets the AD
                     bit in outgoing DNS queries (to enable AD bit support),
                     and preserves the AD bit in responses.  Without this
                     option, the AD bit is not set in queries, and it is
                     always removed from responses before they are returned to
                     the application.  This means that applications can trust
                     the AD bit in responses if the trust-ad option has been
                     set correctly.

                     In glibc 2.30 and earlier, the AD is not set
                     automatically in queries, and is passed through unchanged
                     to applications in responses.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       search <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> resolv.conf
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       LOCALDOMAIN <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       options <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> resolv.conf
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       RES_OPTIONS <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> options <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?>(<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, nameserver),
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (;) <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (#), <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

<?><?><?><?><?>
       /etc/resolv.conf, <resolv.h>

<?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
       gethostbyname(3), resolver(3), host.conf(5), hosts(5),
       nsswitch.conf(5), hostname(7), named(8)

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> BIND

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> aereiae <aereiae@gmail.com>, Azamat Hackimov
       <azamat.hackimov@gmail.com>, Dmitriy S. Seregin <dseregin@59.ru>,
       Katrin Kutepova <blackkatelv@gmail.com>, Lockal <lockalsash@gmail.com>,
       Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <pavia00@gmail.com>

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>;
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> GNU
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> 3 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <man-pages-ru-talks@lists.sourceforge.net>.

4th Berkeley Distribution
                      31 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 2023 <?>.        resolv.conf(5)