recv(2) System Calls Manual recv(2) recv, recvfrom, recvmsg - LIBRARY Standard C library (libc, -lc) #include ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void buf[.len], size_t len, int flags); ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void buf[restrict .len], size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *_Nullable restrict src_addr, socklen_t *_Nullable restrict addrlen); ssize_t recvmsg(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags); recv(), recvfrom() recvmsg() . , , . , . recv() read(2) flags. flags , recv() read(2) ( ). , recv(sockfd, buf, len, flags); recvfrom(sockfd, buf, len, flags, NULL, NULL); . , , , . If no messages are available at the socket, the receive calls wait for a message to arrive, unless the socket is nonblocking (see fcntl(2)), in which case the value -1 is returned and errno is set to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK. The receive calls normally return any data available, up to the requested amount, rather than waiting for receipt of the full amount requested. select(2), poll(2) epoll(7). flags : MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ( recvmsg(); Linux 2.6.23) close-on-exec , UNIX, SCM_RIGHTS ( unix(7)). O_CLOEXEC open(2). MSG_DONTWAIT ( Linux 2.2) . , EAGAIN EWOULDBLOCK. O_NONBLOCK ( fcntl(2) F_SETFL), , MSG_DONTWAIT , O_NONBLOCK ( open(2)), , , , . MSG_ERRQUEUE ( Linux 2.2) . ( IPv4 IP_RECVERR). . cmsg(3) ip(7). , , msg_iovec. , , msg_name. sock_extended_err: #define SO_EE_ORIGIN_NONE 0 #define SO_EE_ORIGIN_LOCAL 1 #define SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP 2 #define SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP6 3 struct sock_extended_err { uint32_t ee_errno; /* Error number */ uint8_t ee_origin; /* Where the error originated */ uint8_t ee_type; /* Type */ uint8_t ee_code; /* Code */ uint8_t ee_pad; /* Padding */ uint32_t ee_info; /* Additional information */ uint32_t ee_data; /* Other data */ /* More data may follow */ }; struct sockaddr *SO_EE_OFFENDER(struct sock_extended_err *); ee_errno errno . ee_origin . . SO_EE_OFFENDER , . , sa_family sockaddr AF_UNSPEC, sockaddr . , , . ( , cmsg_len cmsghdr). MSG_ERRQUEUE msghdr. , , . MSG_OOB , . , . MSG_PEEK , . , . MSG_TRUNC ( Linux 2.2) For raw (AF_PACKET), Internet datagram (since Linux 2.4.27/2.6.8), netlink (since Linux 2.6.22), and UNIX datagram as well as sequenced-packet (since Linux 3.4) sockets: return the real length of the packet or datagram, even when it was longer than the passed buffer. tcp(7). MSG_WAITALL ( Linux 2.2) . , , , , , , , . . recvfrom() recvfrom() buf. len. src_addr NULL, , , src_addr. addrlen -. , src_addr. addrlen . , ; addrlen , . , src_addr addrlen NULL. recv() recv(), , ( connect(2)). : recvfrom(fd, buf, len, flags, NULL, 0); recvmsg() recvmsg() msghdr. : struct msghdr { void *msg_name; /* */ socklen_t msg_namelen; /* */ struct iovec *msg_iov; /* / */ size_t msg_iovlen; /* msg_iov */ void *msg_control; /* , . */ size_t msg_controllen; /* */ int msg_flags; /* */ }; msg_name , , . msg_namelen ; msg_namelen . , msg_name NULL. msg_iov msg_iovlen /, readv(2). msg_control msg_controllen , . recvmsg() msg_controllen , msg_control; . : struct cmsghdr { size_t cmsg_len; /* ( -- socklen_t POSIX) */ int cmsg_level; /* */ int cmsg_type; /* , */ /* unsigned char cmsg_data[]; */ }; , cmsg(3). As an example, Linux uses this ancillary data mechanism to pass extended errors, IP options, or file descriptors over UNIX domain sockets. For further information on the use of ancillary data in various socket domains, see unix(7) and ip(7). recvmsg() msg_flags msghdr. : MSG_EOR : ( SOCK_SEQPACKET). MSG_TRUNC , , , . MSG_CTRUNC , - . MSG_OOB , . MSG_ERRQUEUE , , . MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC (since Linux 2.6.23) indicates that MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC was specified in the flags argument of recvmsg(). -1, . errno . (shutdown), 0 ( << >>). (, UNIX Internet) . 0. 0 , 0. , . , ; . EAGAIN EWOULDBLOCK , , . POSIX.1 , , . EBADF sockfd . ECONNREFUSED ( , ). EFAULT . EINTR , ; signal(7). EINVAL . ENOMEM recvmsg(). ENOTCONN , , , (. connect(2) accept(2)). ENOTSOCK sockfd . According to POSIX.1, the msg_controllen field of the msghdr structure should be typed as socklen_t, and the msg_iovlen field should be typed as int, but glibc currently types both as size_t. POSIX.1-2008. POSIX.1-2001, 4.4BSD (first appeared in 4.2BSD). POSIX.1 MSG_OOB, MSG_PEEK MSG_WAITALL. , read(2) recv() flags -. read(2) ( ), recv() . recvmmsg(2) Linux, . recvfrom() getaddrinfo(3). . fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), read(2), recvmmsg(2), select(2), shutdown(2), socket(2), cmsg(3), sockatmark(3), ip(7), ipv6(7), socket(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7) aereiae , Azamat Hackimov , Dmitriy S. Seregin , Katrin Kutepova , Lockal , Yuri Kozlov , ; GNU 3 , . . , , . Linux man-pages 6.06 31 2023 . recv(2)