'\" t
.\"     Title: quvi-object
.\"    Author: [see the "Authors" section]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.76.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 11/10/2013
.\"    Manual: libquvi Manual
.\"    Source: libquvi 0.9.4
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "QUVI\-OBJECT" "7" "11/10/2013" "libquvi 0\&.9\&.4" "libquvi Manual"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.el       .ds Aq '
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.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
quvi-object \- Overview of the libquvi quvi\-object
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
\fIquvi\-object\fR is a collection of libquvi functions provided for the \fBlibquvi-scripts\fR(7)\&. These functions vary from HTTP functions to cryptographic functions\&. All of the \fIquvi\-object\fR functions are implemented in C\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
The \fIquvi\-object\fR should not be confused with the \fBquvi-modules\fR(7) which are a selection of importable modules implemented in Lua\&. These modules are intended to be loaded (\fIrequire\fR) from the \fBlibquvi-scripts\fR(7)\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
Each of the quvi\-object functions may be passed a dictionary defining the additional option properties\&. The following options are supported by all of the functions:
.PP
qoo_croak_if_error=<boolean>
.RS 4
By default the library terminates the process if an error occurs\&. By setting this option to
\fIfalse\fR, it will register the error and continues execution, leaving the error handling for the script to determine\&. See also "RETURN VALUES"\&.
.RE
.sp
The \fIqoo\fR prefix is short for \fIquvi object option\fR\&. The functions will ignore any unknown options, e\&.g\&. the crypto functions would ignore the HTTP options\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
The options have been defined in the \fIquvi/const\fR of the \fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
.sp .5v
.RE
.SS "Crypto"
.sp
These options are specific to the quvi\&.crypto\&.* functions of the quvi\-object\&.
.PP
qoo_crypto_algorithm=<value>
.RS 4
Specifies the algorithm that should be used\&. The
\fIvalue\fR
is expected to be a string, e\&.g\&.
\fIsha1\fR
or
\fIaes256\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
qoo_crypto_cipher_flags=<value>
.RS 4
Specifies the cipher flags (bit OR\(cqd, see
\fBquvi-modules-3rdparty\fR(7)
for
\fIbit operations\fR) to be used with the cipher\&. These values are identical to those defined by libgcrypt\&. See the
\fIquvi/const\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for a complete list of the available cipher flags\&.
.RE
.PP
qoo_crypto_cipher_mode=<value>
.RS 4
Specifies the cipher mode to be used\&. These are identical to the values defined by libgcrypt\&. See the
\fIquvi/const\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for a complete list of the available cipher modes\&.
.RE
.PP
qoo_crypto_cipher_key=<value>
.RS 4
Used to specify the cipher key\&. It should be noted that the
\fIkey\fR
is expected to be passed in hexadecimal form\&. See
\fIquvi/hex\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for the conversion functions\&.

NOTE: The key derivation is left for the script to do

NOTE: The key is not a pass{word,phrase}

See also:
http://www\&.di\-mgt\&.com\&.au/cryptokeys\&.html#passwordpassphraseandkey
.RE
.SS "HTTP"
.sp
These options are specific to the quvi\&.http\&.* functions of the quvi\-object\&.
.PP
qoo_fetch_from_charset=<charset>
.RS 4
Instructs the library to convert from this charset to UTF\-8\&. Using this option may be required with the websites that use a specific (non\-UTF8) encoding\&.

The purpose of this option is to make sure that the data is encoded to unicode (UTF\-8) before any of it is parsed and returned to the application using libquvi\&.

By default, libquvi converts the data which is in the encoding used for the strings by the C runtime in the current locale into UTF\-8\&. IF this fails, and the
\fIfrom charset\fR
option is set, the library will then try to convert to UTF\-8 using the
\fIfrom charset\fR
value\&.
.RE
.PP
qoo_http_cookie_mode=<value>
.RS 4
Modify the cookie settings for the libcurl session handle\&. This feature wraps the cookie features provided by
\fBlibcurl_easy_setopt\fR(3)\&. See the
\fIquvi/const\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for a complete list of the available cookie modes\&.

See also
\fBlibcurl-tutorial\fR(3)
which covers the use of cookies with the library in greater detail\&.
.RE
.SH "RETURN VALUES"
.sp
Each quvi\-object function will return a dictionary containing the following values:
.PP
error_message
.RS 4
The error message, or an empty value\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi_code
.RS 4
The code returned by the library\&. See also
\fIquvi/const\fR
of
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)\&.
.RE
.sp
Refer to the function documentation for the information about the additional values returned in the dictionary\&.
.SH "FUNCTIONS"
.SS "Base64"
.PP
quvi\&.base64\&.encode(<plaintext>[,qoo])
.RS 4
Encode the
\fIplaintext\fR
to base64 format\&. The
\fIplaintext\fR
is expected to be passed in hexadecimal form\&. See
\fIquvi/hex\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for the conversion functions\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary of additional
\fIquvi object options\fR, if defined at all\&.

The function will return the
\fIbase64\fR
value in the dictionary\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.base64\&.decode(<base64>)
.RS 4
Decode the
\fIbase64\fR
value to plaintext\&.

The function will return the
\fIplaintext\fR
value in the dictionary\&. The value is returned in hexadecimal form\&.
.RE
.SS "Crypto"
.sp
The crypto facility of the quvi\-object wraps the libgcrypt symmetric cryptography and the hash (message digest) functions\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
The availability of the algorithms is determined by libgcrypt, and how it was built
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.crypto\&.encrypt(<plaintext>, <qoo>)
.RS 4
Encrypt the
\fIplaintext\fR\&. The
\fIplaintext\fR
is expected to be passed in hexadecimal form\&. See
\fIquvi/hex\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for the conversion functions\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary containing the cipher options\&.

The function will return the
\fIciphertext\fR
value in the dictionary\&. The value is returned in hexadecimal form\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.crypto\&.decrypt(<ciphertext>, <qoo>)
.RS 4
Decrypt the
\fIciphertext\fR\&. The
\fIciphertext\fR
is expected to be passed in hexadecimal form\&. See
\fIquvi/hex\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for the conversion functions\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary containing the cipher options\&.

The function will return the
\fIplaintext\fR
value in the dictionary\&. This value is returned in hexadecimal form\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.crypto\&.hash(<value>, <qoo>)
.RS 4
Generate a hash from the
\fIvalue\fR\&. The
\fIvalue\fR
is expected to be passed in hexadecimal format\&. See
\fIquvi/hex\fR
of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)
for the conversion functions\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary containing the hash options, e\&.g\&. the algorithm that should be used\&.

The function will return the
\fIdigest\fR
value in the dictionary\&. The value is returned in hexadecimal form\&.
.RE
.SS "HTTP"
.sp
The HTTP functions will return \fIresponse_code\fR along the other "RETURN VALUES", and the values specific to the HTTP function\&.
.PP
quvi\&.http\&.cookie(<VALUE>,<qoo>)
.RS 4
Modify the libcurl session handle cookie settings that libquvi currently uses\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary containing the cookie options, e\&.g\&. the cookie mode that should be used\&.

The complete list of the available cookie modes can be found in the
\fIquvi/const\fR
module of the
\fBquvi-modules\fR(7)\&. The mode names are named after their equivalent CURLOPT_COOKIE{SESSION,FILE,LIST,JAR} variable names\&. For a description of each option, see
\fBlibcurl_easy_setopt\fR(3)\&.

This function will not return any additional values in the dictionary\&.
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
libquvi will ignore any calls to quvi\&.http\&.cookie unless QUVI_OPTION_ALLOW_COOKIES is QUVI_TRUE
.sp .5v
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
libcurl will parse the received cookies and use them in the subsequent HTTP requests only if libquvi QUVI_OPTION_ALLOW_COOKIES is QUVI_TRUE
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.http\&.fetch(<URL>[,qoo])
.RS 4
Fetch an URL over an HTTP connection\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary of additional
\fIquvi object options\fR, if defined at all\&.

The function will return the
\fIdata\fR
value among the values in the returned dictionary\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.http\&.header(<VALUE>[,qoo])
.RS 4
Add, remove or replace internally used libcurl HTTP headers\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary of additional
\fIquvi object options\fR, if defined at all\&.

This function essentially wraps CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, and will not return any additional values in the dictionary\&. See
\fBcurl_easy_setopt\fR(3)
for the full description of CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER\&.
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.sp
To clear the custom headers, pass "" as the VALUE; the custom headers are also cleared automatically when a support script function \fIparse\fR is called
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.http\&.metainfo(<URL>[,qoo])
.RS 4
Query the HTTP metainfo for the URL\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary of additional
\fIquvi object options\fR, if defined at all\&.

The function will return the
\fIcontent_length\fR
and the
\fIcontent_type\fR
values among the values in the returned dictionary\&.
.RE
.PP
quvi\&.http\&.resolve(<URL>[,qoo])
.RS 4
Resolve an URL redirection\&.

The second argument (\fIqoo\fR) is expected to be a dictionary of additional
\fIquvi object options\fR, if defined at all\&.

The function will return the
\fIresolved_url\fR
among the values in the returned dictionary\&. If the URL did not redirect to another location, the value of the
\fIresolved_url\fR
is left empty\&.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.SS "Base64"
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Base64 encode a string:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local H = require \*(Aqquvi/hex\*(Aq
local s = H\&.to_hex(\*(Aqfoo\*(Aq) \-\- Pass in hexadecimal form

local r = quvi\&.base64\&.encode(s)
print(r\&.base64)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Reverse the process:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.base64\&.decode(r\&.base64)
local s = H\&.to_str(r\&.plaintext)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.SS "Crypto"
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Encrypt plaintext:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local plaintext = \*(Aqf34481ec3cc627bacd5dc3fb08f273e6\*(Aq
local key = \*(Aq00000000000000000000000000000000\*(Aq

local C = require \*(Aqquvi/const\*(Aq
local o = {
  [C\&.qoo_crypto_cipher_mode] = C\&.qoco_cipher_mode_cbc,
  [C\&.qoo_crypto_algorithm] = \*(Aqaes\*(Aq,
  [C\&.qoo_crypto_cipher_key = key
}

local r = quvi\&.crypto\&.encrypt(plaintext, o)
print(r\&.ciphertext)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Reverse the process:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.crypto\&.decrypt(r\&.ciphertext, o)
print(r\&.plaintext)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Generate a hash (message digest):
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local H = require \*(Aqquvi/hex\*(Aq
local s = H\&.to_hex(\*(Aqfoo\*(Aq) \-\- Pass in hexadecimal form

local C = require \*(Aqquvi/const\*(Aq
local o = { [C\&.qoo_crypto_algorithm] = \*(Aqsha1\*(Aq }

local r = quvi\&.crypto\&.hash(s, o)
print(r\&.digest)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Same as above, but use the shorthand function:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local A = require \*(Aqquvi/hash\*(Aq
local r = A\&.sha1sum(\*(Aqfoo\*(Aq)
print(r)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.SS "HTTP"
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Dump the cookies in the memory to stdout:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local C = require \*(Aqquvi/const\*(Aq
local o = { [C\&.qoo_http_cookie_mode] = C\&.qohco_mode_jar }
local r = quvi\&.http\&.cookie(\*(Aq\-\*(Aq, o)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Identical to the above but use the wrapper module:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local K = require \*(Aqquvi/http/cookie\*(Aq
local r = K\&.jar(\*(Aq\-\*(Aq)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Fetch an URL:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\*(Aqhttp://example\&.com\*(Aq)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
r\&.data would now hold the contents\&. If an error occurred, e\&.g\&. connection failed, the library would exit the process with an error\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Same as above, but handle the error in the script:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local C = require \*(Aqquvi/const\*(Aq
local o = { [C\&.qoo_croak_if_error] = false }

local r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\*(Aqhttp://example\&.com\*(Aq, o)
if r\&.quvi_code ~= C\&.qerr_ok then
  local s =
    string\&.format(\*(Aqquvi\&.http\&.fetch: %s (libquvi=%d, http/%d)\*(Aq,
                  r\&.error_message, r\&.quvi_code, r\&.response_code)
  error(s)
end
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
By setting qoo_croak_if_error to
\fIfalse\fR, we tell the library to only register that an error occurred and return the control to the script\&. Handling of the error is then left for the script to do\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
Typically, the scripts would not need to handle the error
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Force conversion from ISO\-8859\-1 to UTF\-8:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local C = require \*(Aqquvi/const\*(Aq
local o = { [C\&.qoo_fetch_from_charset] = \*(AqISO\-8859\-1\*(Aq }
local r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\*(Aqhttp://example\&.com\*(Aq, o)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Override user\-agent header in the HTTP request:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.header(\*(AqUser\-Agent: foo/1\&.0\*(Aq)
r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\&.\&.\&.)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Disable an internal header in the HTTP request:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.header(\*(AqAccept:\*(Aq)
r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\&.\&.\&.)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Send a cookie in the HTTP request:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.header(\*(AqCookie: foo=1\*(Aq)
r = quvi\&.http\&.fetch(\&.\&.\&.)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Query metainfo for an URL:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.metainfo(\*(Aqhttp://is\&.gd/SKyg8m\*(Aq)
print(r\&.content_length, r\&.content_type)
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Resolve URL redirection:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
local r = quvi\&.http\&.resolve(\*(Aqhttp://is\&.gd/SKyg8m\*(Aq)
if #r\&.resolved_url >0 then
  print(\*(Aqnew location:\*(Aq, r\&.resolved_url)
end
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBlibquvi-scripts\fR(7), \fBlibquvi\fR(3), \fBquvi-modules\fR(7), \fBquvi-modules-3rdparty\fR(7)
.SH "FURTHER RESOURCES"
.PP
Home
.RS 4

http://quvi\&.sourceforge\&.net/
.RE
.PP
Development code
.RS 4

git://repo\&.or\&.cz/libquvi\&.git
.RE
.PP
gitweb
.RS 4

http://repo\&.or\&.cz/w/libquvi\&.git
.RE
.PP
C API reference
.RS 4
The latest C API reference documentation may be viewed online at
http://quvi\&.sourceforge\&.net/r/api/0\&.9/\&.
.RE
.PP
GLib
.RS 4

http://developer\&.gnome\&.org/glib/stable/glib\-Base64\-Encoding\&.html
.RE
.PP
libcurl
.RS 4

http://curl\&.haxx\&.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt\&.html#CURLOPTUSERAGENT
http://curl\&.haxx\&.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt\&.html#CURLOPTCOOKIE
.RE
.PP
libgcrypt reference manual
.RS 4

http://www\&.gnupg\&.org/documentation/manuals/gcrypt/
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.PP
Toni Gundogdu <legatvs@gmail\&.com>
.RS 4
Author\&.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
Report bugs to the quvi\-devel mailing list <quvi\-devel@lists\&.sourceforge\&.net> where the development and the maintenance is primarily done\&. You do not have to be subscribed to the list to send a message there\&.
.SH "LICENSE"
.sp
libquvi is Free Software licensed under the GNU Affero GPLv3+
.SH "LIBQUVI"
.sp
Part of the \fBlibquvi\fR(3) suite