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.TH "SSHTUNNEL" "1" "Jun 25, 2023" "0.4.0" "sshtunnel"
.SH NAME
sshtunnel \- sshtunnel Documentation
.sp
\fI\%CircleCI\fP \fI\%AppVeyor\fP \fI\%Documentation Status\fP \fI\%coveralls\fP \fI\%version\fP
.sp
[image: pyversions]
[image]
 \fI\%license\fP
.sp
\fBAuthor\fP: \fI\%Pahaz\fP
.sp
\fBRepo\fP: \fI\%https://github.com/pahaz/sshtunnel/\fP
.sp
Inspired by \fI\%https://github.com/jmagnusson/bgtunnel\fP, which doesn\(aqt work on
Windows.
.sp
See also: \fI\%https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/blob/master/demos/forward.py\fP
.SH REQUIREMENTS
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%paramiko\fP
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\fI\%sshtunnel\fP is on PyPI, so simply run:
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.nf
.ft C
pip install sshtunnel
.ft P
.fi
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.sp
or
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.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
easy_install sshtunnel
.ft P
.fi
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or
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.nf
.ft C
conda install \-c conda\-forge sshtunnel
.ft P
.fi
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.sp
to have it installed in your environment.
.sp
For installing from source, clone the
\fI\%repo\fP and run:
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.sp
.nf
.ft C
python setup.py install
.ft P
.fi
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.SH TESTING THE PACKAGE
.sp
In order to run the tests you first need
\fI\%tox\fP and run:
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.nf
.ft C
python setup.py test
.ft P
.fi
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.sp
One of the typical scenarios where \fBsshtunnel\fP is helpful is depicted in the
figure below. User may need to connect a port of a remote server (i.e. 8080)
where only SSH port (usually port 22) is reachable.
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.sp
.nf
.ft C
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-

                            |
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+              |    +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
    LOCAL    |              |    |  REMOTE  | :22 SSH
    CLIENT   | <== SSH ========> |  SERVER  | :8080 web service
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+              |    +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+
                            |
                         FIREWALL (only port 22 is open)

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
.ft P
.fi
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.sp
\fBFig1\fP: How to connect to a service blocked by a firewall through SSH tunnel.
.sp
If allowed by the SSH server, it is also possible to reach a private server
(from the perspective of \fBREMOTE SERVER\fP) not directly visible from the
outside (\fBLOCAL CLIENT\fP\(aqs perspective).
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.nf
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\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-

                            |
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+              |    +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+               +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
    LOCAL    |              |    |  REMOTE  |               | PRIVATE
    CLIENT   | <== SSH ========> |  SERVER  | <== local ==> | SERVER
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+              |    +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-+               +\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
                            |
                         FIREWALL (only port 443 is open)

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
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.fi
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.sp
\fBFig2\fP: How to connect to \fBPRIVATE SERVER\fP through SSH tunnel.
.sp
API allows either initializing the tunnel and starting it or using a \fBwith\fP
context, which will take care of starting \fBand stopping\fP the tunnel:
.SH EXAMPLE 1
.sp
Code corresponding to \fBFig1\fP above follows, given remote server\(aqs address is
\fBpahaz.urfuclub.ru\fP, password authentication and randomly assigned local bind
port.
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.nf
.ft C
from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder

server = SSHTunnelForwarder(
    \(aqalfa.8iq.dev\(aq,
    ssh_username=\(dqpahaz\(dq,
    ssh_password=\(dqsecret\(dq,
    remote_bind_address=(\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 8080)
)

server.start()

print(server.local_bind_port)  # show assigned local port
# work with \(gaSECRET SERVICE\(ga through \(gaserver.local_bind_port\(ga.

server.stop()
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
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.SH EXAMPLE 2
.sp
Example of a port forwarding to a private server not directly reachable,
assuming password protected pkey authentication, remote server\(aqs SSH service is
listening on port 443 and that port is open in the firewall (\fBFig2\fP):
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.nf
.ft C
import paramiko
import sshtunnel

with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
    (REMOTE_SERVER_IP, 443),
    ssh_username=\(dq\(dq,
    ssh_pkey=\(dq/var/ssh/rsa_key\(dq,
    ssh_private_key_password=\(dqsecret\(dq,
    remote_bind_address=(PRIVATE_SERVER_IP, 22),
    local_bind_address=(\(aq0.0.0.0\(aq, 10022)
) as tunnel:
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.load_system_host_keys()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    client.connect(\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 10022)
    # do some operations with client session
    client.close()

print(\(aqFINISH!\(aq)
.ft P
.fi
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.SH EXAMPLE 3
.sp
Example of a port forwarding for the Vagrant MySQL local port:
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.sp
.nf
.ft C
from sshtunnel import open_tunnel
from time import sleep

with open_tunnel(
    (\(aqlocalhost\(aq, 2222),
    ssh_username=\(dqvagrant\(dq,
    ssh_password=\(dqvagrant\(dq,
    remote_bind_address=(\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 3306)
) as server:

    print(server.local_bind_port)
    while True:
        # press Ctrl\-C for stopping
        sleep(1)

print(\(aqFINISH!\(aq)
.ft P
.fi
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.sp
Or simply using the CLI:
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.sp
.nf
.ft C
(bash)$ python \-m sshtunnel \-U vagrant \-P vagrant \-L :3306 \-R 127.0.0.1:3306 \-p 2222 localhost
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
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.SH EXAMPLE 4
.sp
Opening an SSH session jumping over two tunnels. SSH transport and tunnels
will be daemonised, which will not wait for the connections to stop at close
time.
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.sp
.nf
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import sshtunnel
from paramiko import SSHClient


with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
    ssh_address_or_host=(\(aqGW1_ip\(aq, 20022),
    remote_bind_address=(\(aqGW2_ip\(aq, 22),
) as tunnel1:
    print(\(aqConnection to tunnel1 (GW1_ip:GW1_port) OK...\(aq)
    with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
        ssh_address_or_host=(\(aqlocalhost\(aq, tunnel1.local_bind_port),
        remote_bind_address=(\(aqtarget_ip\(aq, 22),
        ssh_username=\(aqGW2_user\(aq,
        ssh_password=\(aqGW2_pwd\(aq,
    ) as tunnel2:
        print(\(aqConnection to tunnel2 (GW2_ip:GW2_port) OK...\(aq)
        with SSHClient() as ssh:
            ssh.connect(\(aqlocalhost\(aq,
                port=tunnel2.local_bind_port,
                username=\(aqtarget_user\(aq,
                password=\(aqtarget_pwd\(aq,
            )
            ssh.exec_command(...)
.ft P
.fi
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.nf
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$ sshtunnel \-\-help
usage: sshtunnel [\-h] [\-U SSH_USERNAME] [\-p SSH_PORT] [\-P SSH_PASSWORD] \-R
                 IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...] [\-L [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]]]
                 [\-k SSH_HOST_KEY] [\-K KEY_FILE] [\-S KEY_PASSWORD] [\-t] [\-v]
                 [\-V] [\-x IP:PORT] [\-c SSH_CONFIG_FILE] [\-z] [\-n]
                 [\-d [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]]]
                 ssh_address

Pure python ssh tunnel utils
Version 0.4.0

positional arguments:
  ssh_address           SSH server IP address (GW for SSH tunnels)
                        set with \(dq\-\- ssh_address\(dq if immediately after \-R or \-L

optional arguments:
  \-h, \-\-help            show this help message and exit
  \-U SSH_USERNAME, \-\-username SSH_USERNAME
                        SSH server account username
  \-p SSH_PORT, \-\-server_port SSH_PORT
                        SSH server TCP port (default: 22)
  \-P SSH_PASSWORD, \-\-password SSH_PASSWORD
                        SSH server account password
  \-R IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...], \-\-remote_bind_address IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]
                        Remote bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
                        Equivalent to ssh \-Lxxxx:IP_ADDRESS:PORT
                        If port is omitted, defaults to 22.
                        Example: \-R 10.10.10.10: 10.10.10.10:5900
  \-L [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]], \-\-local_bind_address [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]]
                        Local bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
                        Elements may also be valid UNIX socket domains:
                        /tmp/foo.sock /tmp/bar.sock ... /tmp/baz.sock
                        Equivalent to ssh \-LPORT:xxxxxxxxx:xxxx, being the local IP address optional.
                        By default it will listen in all interfaces (0.0.0.0) and choose a random port.
                        Example: \-L :40000
  \-k SSH_HOST_KEY, \-\-ssh_host_key SSH_HOST_KEY
                        Gateway\(aqs host key
  \-K KEY_FILE, \-\-private_key_file KEY_FILE
                        RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key file
  \-S KEY_PASSWORD, \-\-private_key_password KEY_PASSWORD
                        RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key password
  \-t, \-\-threaded        Allow concurrent connections to each tunnel
  \-v, \-\-verbose         Increase output verbosity (default: ERROR)
  \-V, \-\-version         Show version number and quit
  \-x IP:PORT, \-\-proxy IP:PORT
                        IP and port of SSH proxy to destination
  \-c SSH_CONFIG_FILE, \-\-config SSH_CONFIG_FILE
                        SSH configuration file, defaults to ~/.ssh/config
  \-z, \-\-compress        Request server for compression over SSH transport
  \-n, \-\-noagent         Disable looking for keys from an SSH agent
  \-d [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]], \-\-host_pkey_directories [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]]
                        List of directories where SSH pkeys (in the format \(gaid_*\(ga) may be found
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
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.sp
\fIsshtunnel\fP \- Initiate SSH tunnels via a remote gateway.
.sp
\fBsshtunnel\fP works by opening a port forwarding SSH connection in the
background, using threads.
.sp
The connection(s) are closed when explicitly calling the
\fI\%SSHTunnelForwarder.stop()\fP method or using it as a context.
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.SSH_TIMEOUT  =  0.1
Timeout (seconds) for transport socket (\fBsocket.settimeout\fP)
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.TUNNEL_TIMEOUT  =  10.0
Timeout (seconds) for tunnel connection (open_channel timeout)
.UNINDENT
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.DEFAULT_LOGLEVEL  =  40
default level if no logger passed (ERROR)
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.DEFAULT_SSH_DIRECTORY  =  \(aq~/.ssh\(aq
Path of optional ssh configuration file
.UNINDENT
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.check_address(address)
Check if the format of the address is correct
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B address (tuple):
(\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) representing an IP address and port,
respectively
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
alternatively a local \fBaddress\fP can be a \fBstr\fP when working
with UNIX domain sockets, if supported by the platform
.UNINDENT
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.TP
.B Raises:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B ValueError:
raised when address has an incorrect format
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Example:
.sp
.nf
.ft C
>>> check_address((\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 22))
.ft P
.fi
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.check_addresses(address_list, is_remote=False)
Check if the format of the addresses is correct
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B address_list (list[tuple]):
Sequence of (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) pairs, each representing an IP
address and port respectively
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
when supported by the platform, one or more of the elements in
the list can be of type \fBstr\fP, representing a valid UNIX
domain socket
.UNINDENT
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.TP
.B is_remote (boolean):
Whether or not the address list
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Raises:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B AssertionError:
raised when \fBaddress_list\fP contains an invalid element
.TP
.B ValueError:
raised when any address in the list has an incorrect format
.UNINDENT
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.sp
Example:
.sp
.nf
.ft C
>>> check_addresses([(\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 22), (\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 2222)])
.ft P
.fi
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.TP
.B sshtunnel.create_logger(logger=None, loglevel=None, capture_warnings=True, add_paramiko_handler=True)
Attach or create a new logger and add a console handler if not present
.sp
Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B logger (Optional[logging.Logger]):
\fI\%logging.Logger\fP instance; a new one is created if this
argument is empty
.TP
.B loglevel (Optional[str or int]):
\fI\%logging.Logger\fP\(aqs level, either as a string (i.e.
\fBERROR\fP) or in numeric format (10 == \fBDEBUG\fP)
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
a value of 1 == \fBTRACE\fP enables Tracing mode
.UNINDENT
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.TP
.B capture_warnings (boolean):
Enable/disable capturing the events logged by the warnings module
into \fBlogger\fP\(aqs handlers
.sp
Default: True
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
ignored in python 2.6
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B add_paramiko_handler (boolean):
Whether or not add a console handler for \fBparamiko.transport\fP\(aqs
logger if no handler present
.sp
Default: True
.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Return:
\fI\%logging.Logger\fP
.UNINDENT
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.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B exception  sshtunnel.BaseSSHTunnelForwarderError(*args, **kwargs)
Exception raised by \fI\%SSHTunnelForwarder\fP errors
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B exception  sshtunnel.HandlerSSHTunnelForwarderError(*args, **kwargs)
Exception for Tunnel forwarder errors
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B class  sshtunnel.SSHTunnelForwarder(ssh_address_or_host=None, ssh_config_file=\(aq~/.ssh/config\(aq, ssh_host_key=None, ssh_password=None, ssh_pkey=None, ssh_private_key_password=None, ssh_proxy=None, ssh_proxy_enabled=True, ssh_username=None, local_bind_address=None, local_bind_addresses=None, logger=None, mute_exceptions=False, remote_bind_address=None, remote_bind_addresses=None, set_keepalive=5.0, threaded=True, compression=None, allow_agent=True, host_pkey_directories=None, *args, **kwargs)
\fBSSH tunnel class\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
Initialize a SSH tunnel to a remote host according to the input
arguments
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B Optionally:
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Read an SSH configuration file (typically \fB~/.ssh/config\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Load keys from a running SSH agent (i.e. Pageant, GNOME Keyring)
.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
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.sp
Raises:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fI\%BaseSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP:
raised by SSHTunnelForwarder class methods
.TP
.B \fI\%HandlerSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP:
raised by tunnel forwarder threads
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
Attributes \fBmute_exceptions\fP and
\fBraise_exception_if_any_forwarder_have_a_problem\fP
(deprecated) may be used to silence most exceptions raised
from this class
.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
Keyword Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B ssh_address_or_host (tuple or str):
IP or hostname of \fBREMOTE GATEWAY\fP\&. It may be a two\-element
tuple (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) representing IP and port respectively,
or a \fBstr\fP representing the IP address only
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B ssh_config_file (str):
SSH configuration file that will be read. If explicitly set to
\fBNone\fP, parsing of this configuration is omitted
.sp
Default: \fBSSH_CONFIG_FILE\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B ssh_host_key (str):
Representation of a line in an OpenSSH\-style \(dqknown hosts\(dq
file.
.sp
\fBREMOTE GATEWAY\fP\(aqs key fingerprint will be compared to this
host key in order to prevent against SSH server spoofing.
Important when using passwords in order not to accidentally
do a login attempt to a wrong (perhaps an attacker\(aqs) machine
.TP
.B ssh_username (str):
Username to authenticate as in \fBREMOTE SERVER\fP
.sp
Default: current local user name
.TP
.B ssh_password (str):
Text representing the password used to connect to \fBREMOTE
SERVER\fP or for unlocking a private key.
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
Avoid coding secret password directly in the code, since this
may be visible and make your service vulnerable to attacks
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B ssh_port (int):
Optional port number of the SSH service on \fBREMOTE GATEWAY\fP,
when \fIssh_address_or_host\(ga\fP is a \fBstr\fP representing the
IP part of \fBREMOTE GATEWAY\fP\(aqs address
.sp
Default: 22
.TP
.B ssh_pkey (str or paramiko.PKey):
\fBPrivate\fP key file name (\fBstr\fP) to obtain the public key
from or a \fBpublic\fP key (\fI\%paramiko.pkey.PKey\fP)
.TP
.B ssh_private_key_password (str):
Password for an encrypted \fBssh_pkey\fP
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
Avoid coding secret password directly in the code, since this
may be visible and make your service vulnerable to attacks
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B ssh_proxy (socket\-like object or tuple):
Proxy where all SSH traffic will be passed through.
It might be for example a \fI\%paramiko.proxy.ProxyCommand\fP
instance.
See either the \fI\%paramiko.transport.Transport\fP\(aqs sock
parameter documentation or \fBProxyCommand\fP in \fBssh_config(5)\fP
for more information.
.sp
It is also possible to specify the proxy address as a tuple of
type (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) representing proxy\(aqs IP and port
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
Ignored if \fBssh_proxy_enabled\fP is False
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
New in version 0.0.5.

.TP
.B ssh_proxy_enabled (boolean):
Enable/disable SSH proxy. If True and user\(aqs
\fBssh_config_file\fP contains a \fBProxyCommand\fP directive
that matches the specified \fBssh_address_or_host\fP,
a \fI\%paramiko.proxy.ProxyCommand\fP object will be created where
all SSH traffic will be passed through
.sp
Default: \fBTrue\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B local_bind_address (tuple):
Local tuple in the format (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) representing the
IP and port of the local side of the tunnel. Both elements in
the tuple are optional so both \fB(\(aq\(aq, 8000)\fP and
\fB(\(aq10.0.0.1\(aq, )\fP are valid values
.sp
Default: \fB(\(aq0.0.0.0\(aq, RANDOM_PORT)\fP
.sp
Changed in version 0.0.8: Added the ability to use a UNIX domain socket as local bind
address

.TP
.B local_bind_addresses (list[tuple]):
In case more than one tunnel is established at once, a list
of tuples (in the same format as \fBlocal_bind_address\fP)
can be specified, such as [(ip1, port_1), (ip_2, port2), ...]
.sp
Default: \fB[local_bind_address]\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B remote_bind_address (tuple):
Remote tuple in the format (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) representing the
IP and port of the remote side of the tunnel.
.TP
.B remote_bind_addresses (list[tuple]):
In case more than one tunnel is established at once, a list
of tuples (in the same format as \fBremote_bind_address\fP)
can be specified, such as [(ip1, port_1), (ip_2, port2), ...]
.sp
Default: \fB[remote_bind_address]\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B allow_agent (boolean):
Enable/disable load of keys from an SSH agent
.sp
Default: \fBTrue\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.8.

.TP
.B host_pkey_directories (list):
Look for pkeys in folders on this list, for example [\(aq~/.ssh\(aq].
.sp
Default: \fBNone\fP (disabled)
.sp
New in version 0.1.4.

.TP
.B compression (boolean):
Turn on/off transport compression. By default compression is
disabled since it may negatively affect interactive sessions
.sp
Default: \fBFalse\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.8.

.TP
.B logger (logging.Logger):
logging instance for sshtunnel and paramiko
.sp
Default: \fI\%logging.Logger\fP instance with a single
\fI\%logging.StreamHandler\fP handler and
\fI\%DEFAULT_LOGLEVEL\fP level
.sp
New in version 0.0.3.

.TP
.B mute_exceptions (boolean):
Allow silencing \fI\%BaseSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP or
\fI\%HandlerSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP exceptions when enabled
.sp
Default: \fBFalse\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.8.

.TP
.B set_keepalive (float):
Interval in seconds defining the period in which, if no data
was sent over the connection, a \fI\(aqkeepalive\(aq\fP packet will be
sent (and ignored by the remote host). This can be useful to
keep connections alive over a NAT. You can set to 0.0 for
disable keepalive.
.sp
Default: 5.0 (no keepalive packets are sent)
.sp
New in version 0.0.7.

.TP
.B threaded (boolean):
Allow concurrent connections over a single tunnel
.sp
Default: \fBTrue\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.3.

.TP
.B ssh_address (str):
Superseded by \fBssh_address_or_host\fP, tuple of type (str, int)
representing the IP and port of \fBREMOTE SERVER\fP
.sp
Deprecated since version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B ssh_host (str):
Superseded by \fBssh_address_or_host\fP, tuple of type
(str, int) representing the IP and port of \fBREMOTE SERVER\fP
.sp
Deprecated since version 0.0.4.

.TP
.B ssh_private_key (str or paramiko.PKey):
Superseded by \fBssh_pkey\fP, which can represent either a
\fBprivate\fP key file name (\fBstr\fP) or a \fBpublic\fP key
(\fI\%paramiko.pkey.PKey\fP)
.sp
Deprecated since version 0.0.8.

.TP
.B raise_exception_if_any_forwarder_have_a_problem (boolean):
Allow silencing \fI\%BaseSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP or
\fI\%HandlerSSHTunnelForwarderError\fP exceptions when set to
False
.sp
Default: \fBTrue\fP
.sp
New in version 0.0.4.

.sp
Deprecated since version 0.0.8: (use \fBmute_exceptions\fP instead)

.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
Attributes:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B tunnel_is_up (dict):
Describe whether or not the other side of the tunnel was reported
to be up (and we must close it) or not (skip shutting down that
tunnel)
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
This attribute should not be modified
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
When \fBskip_tunnel_checkup\fP is disabled or the local bind
is a UNIX socket, the value will always be \fBTrue\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBExample\fP:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
{(\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 55550): True,   # this tunnel is up
 (\(aq127.0.0.1\(aq, 55551): False}  # this one isn\(aqt
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
where 55550 and 55551 are the local bind ports
.TP
.B skip_tunnel_checkup (boolean):
Disable tunnel checkup (default for backwards compatibility).
.sp
New in version 0.1.0.

.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B daemon_forward_servers  =  True
flag tunnel threads in daemon mode
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B daemon_transport  =  True
flag SSH transport thread in daemon mode
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B local_is_up(target)
Check if a tunnel is up (remote target\(aqs host is reachable on TCP
target\(aqs port)
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B target (tuple):
tuple of type (\fBstr\fP, \fBint\fP) indicating the listen IP
address and port
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Return:
boolean
.UNINDENT
.sp
Deprecated since version 0.1.0: Replaced by \fI\%check_tunnels()\fP and \fBtunnel_is_up\fP

.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B check_tunnels()
Check that if all tunnels are established and populates
\fBtunnel_is_up\fP
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B static  get_agent_keys(logger=None)
Load public keys from any available SSH agent
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
logger (Optional[logging.Logger])
.TP
.B Return:
list
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B static  get_keys(logger=None, host_pkey_directories=None, allow_agent=False)
Load public keys from any available SSH agent or local
\&.ssh directory.
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
logger (Optional[logging.Logger])
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B host_pkey_directories (Optional[list[str]]):
List of local directories where host SSH pkeys in the format
\(dqid_*\(dq are searched. For example, [\(aq~/.ssh\(aq]
.sp
New in version 0.1.0.

.TP
.B allow_agent (Optional[boolean]):
Whether or not load keys from agent
.sp
Default: False
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Return:
list
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B static  read_private_key_file(pkey_file, pkey_password=None, key_type=None, logger=None)
Get SSH Public key from a private key file, given an optional password
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B pkey_file (str):
File containing a private key (RSA, DSS or ECDSA)
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Keyword Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B pkey_password (Optional[str]):
Password to decrypt the private key
.UNINDENT
.sp
logger (Optional[logging.Logger])
.TP
.B Return:
paramiko.Pkey
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B start()
Start the SSH tunnels
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B stop(force=False)
Shut the tunnel down. By default we are always waiting until closing
all connections. You can use \fIforce=True\fP to force close connections
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Keyword Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B force (bool):
Force close current connections
.sp
Default: False
.sp
New in version 0.2.2.

.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
This \fBhad\fP to be handled with care before \fB0.1.0\fP:
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
if a port redirection is opened
.IP \(bu 2
the destination is not reachable
.IP \(bu 2
we attempt a connection to that tunnel (\fBSYN\fP is sent and
acknowledged, then a \fBFIN\fP packet is sent and never
acknowledged... weird)
.IP \(bu 2
we try to shutdown: it will not succeed until \fBFIN_WAIT_2\fP and
\fBCLOSE_WAIT\fP time out.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
Handle these scenarios with \fBtunnel_is_up\fP: if False, server
\fBshutdown()\fP will be skipped on that tunnel
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B close()
Stop the an active tunnel, alias to \fI\%stop()\fP
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B restart()
Restart connection to the gateway and tunnels
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B property  local_bind_ports
Return a list containing the ports of local side of the TCP tunnels
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B property  local_bind_hosts
Return a list containing the IP addresses listening for the tunnels
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B property  local_bind_addresses
Return a list of (IP, port) pairs for the local side of the tunnels
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B property  tunnel_bindings
Return a dictionary containing the active local<>remote tunnel_bindings
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B property  is_active
Return True if the underlying SSH transport is up
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B sshtunnel.open_tunnel(*args, **kwargs)
Open an SSH Tunnel, wrapper for \fI\%SSHTunnelForwarder\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B destination (Optional[tuple]):
SSH server\(aqs IP address and port in the format
(\fBssh_address\fP, \fBssh_port\fP)
.UNINDENT
.TP
.B Keyword Arguments:
.INDENT 7.0
.TP
.B debug_level (Optional[int or str]):
log level for \fI\%logging.Logger\fP instance, i.e. \fBDEBUG\fP
.TP
.B skip_tunnel_checkup (boolean):
Enable/disable the local side check and populate
\fBtunnel_is_up\fP
.sp
Default: True
.sp
New in version 0.1.0.

.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
A value of \fBdebug_level\fP set to 1 == \fBTRACE\fP enables tracing mode
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNOTE:\fP
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
See \fI\%SSHTunnelForwarder\fP for keyword arguments
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBExample\fP:
.INDENT 7.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
from sshtunnel import open_tunnel

with open_tunnel(SERVER,
                 ssh_username=SSH_USER,
                 ssh_port=22,
                 ssh_password=SSH_PASSWORD,
                 remote_bind_address=(REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_PORT),
                 local_bind_address=(\(aq\(aq, LOCAL_PORT)) as server:
    def do_something(port):
        pass

    print(\(dqLOCAL PORTS:\(dq, server.local_bind_port)

    do_something(server.local_bind_port)
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Cameron Maske\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Gustavo Machado\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Colin Jermain\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%JM Fernández\fP \- (big thanks!)
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Lewis Thompson\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Erik Rogers\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Mart Sõmermaa\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Chronial\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Dan Harbin\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Ignacio Peluffo\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Niels Zeilemaker\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Georgy Rylov\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%Eddie Chiang\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fI\%kkrasovskii\fP
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.4.0 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Change the daemon mod flag for all tunnel threads (is not fully backward compatible) to prevent unexpected hangs (\fI\%#219\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add docker based end to end functinal tests for Mongo/Postgres/MySQL (\fI\%#219\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add docker based end to end hangs tests (\fI\%#219\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.3.2 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP, \fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Fix host key directory detection
.IP \(bu 2
Unify default ssh config folder to \fI~/.ssh\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.3.1 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Increase open connection timeout to 10 secods
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.3.0 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Change default with context behavior to use \fI\&.stop(force=True)\fP on exit (is not fully backward compatible)
.IP \(bu 2
Remove useless \fIdaemon_forward_servers = True\fP hack for hangs prevention (is not fully backward compatible)
.IP \(bu 2
Set transport keepalive to 5 second by default (disabled for version < 0.3.0)
.IP \(bu 2
Set default transport timeout to 0.1
.IP \(bu 2
Deprecate and remove \fIblock_on_close\fP option
.IP \(bu 2
Fix \(dqdeadlocks\(dq / \(dqtunneling hangs\(dq (\fI\%#173\fP, \fI\%#201\fP, \fI\%#162\fP, \fI\%#211\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.2.2 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fI\&.stop(force=True)\fP for force close active connections (\fI\%#201\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.2.1 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP, \fI\%Eddie Chiang\fP and \fI\%kkrasovskii\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Fixes bug with orphan thread for a tunnel that is DOWN (\fI\%#170\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.2.0 (\fI\%Georgy Rylov\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Support IPv6 without proxy command. Use built\-in paramiko create socket logic. The logic tries to use ipv6 socket family first, then ipv4 socket family.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.5 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Introduce \fIblock_on_close\fP attribute
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.4 (\fI\%Niels Zeilemaker\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Allow loading pkeys from \fI~/.ssh\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.3 (\fI\%Ignacio Peluffo\fP and others)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpkey_file\fP parameter updated to accept relative paths to user folder using \fB~\fP
.IP \(bu 2
Several bugfixes
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.2 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Fix #77
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.1 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Fix #72
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.1.0 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fItunnel_bindings\fP property
.IP \(bu 2
Several bugfixes (#49, #56, #57, #59, #60, #62, #64, #66, ...)
(\fI\%Pahaz\fP, \fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add TRACE logging level (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Code and tests refactoring (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Drop python3.2 support
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.8 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Merge \fI\%#31\fP: Support Unix domain socket (local) forwarding (\fI\%Dan Harbin\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Simplify API (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add sphinx\-based documentation (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fBallow_agent\fP (fixes \fI\%#36\fP, \fI\%#46\fP) (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fBcompression\fP (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fB__str__\fP method (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add test functions (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Fix default username when not provided and ssh_config file is skipped (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Fix gateway IP unresolvable exception catching (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Minor fixes (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add AppVeyor support (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.7 (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
Tunnels can now be stopped and started safely (\fI\%#41\fP) (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add timeout to SSH gateway and keep\-alive messages (\fI\%#29\fP) (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Allow sending a pkey directly (\fI\%#43\fP) (\fI\%Chronial\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add \fB\-V\fP CLI option to show current version (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Add coverage (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
Refactoring (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.6 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
add \fB\-S\fP CLI options for ssh private key password support (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.5 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
add \fBssh_proxy\fP argument, as well as \fBssh_config(5)\fP \fBProxyCommand\fP support (\fI\%Lewis Thompson\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add some python 2.6 compatibility fixes (\fI\%Mart Sõmermaa\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBparamiko.transport\fP inherits handlers of loggers passed to \fBSSHTunnelForwarder\fP (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
fix \fI\%#34\fP, \fI\%#33\fP, code style and docs (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add tests (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add CI integration (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
normal packaging (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
disable check distenation socket connection by \fBSSHTunnelForwarder.local_is_up\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP) [changed default behavior]
.IP \(bu 2
use daemon mode = False in all threads by default; \fI\%detail\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP) [changed default behavior]
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.4.4 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
fix issue \fI\%#24\fP \- hide ssh password in logs (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.4.3 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
fix default port issue \fI\%#19\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.4.2 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
fix Thread.daemon mode for Python < 3.3 \fI\%#16\fP, \fI\%#21\fP (\fI\%Lewis Thompson\fP, \fI\%Erik Rogers\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.4.1 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
fix CLI issues \fI\%#13\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.4 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
daemon mode by default for all threads (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP, \fI\%Pahaz\fP) \- \fIincompatible\fP
.IP \(bu 2
move \fBmake_ssh_forward_server\fP to \fBSSHTunnelForwarder.make_ssh_forward_server\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP, \fI\%JM Fernández\fP) \- \fIincompatible\fP
.IP \(bu 2
move \fBmake_ssh_forward_handler\fP to \fBSSHTunnelForwarder.make_ssh_forward_handler_class\fP (\fI\%Pahaz\fP, \fI\%JM Fernández\fP) \- \fIincompatible\fP
.IP \(bu 2
rename \fBopen\fP to \fBopen_tunnel\fP (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP) \- \fIincompatible\fP
.IP \(bu 2
add CLI interface (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
support opening several tunnels at once (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
improve stability and readability (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP, \fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
improve logging (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP, \fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add \fBraise_exception_if_any_forwarder_have_a_problem\fP argument for opening several tunnels at once (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add \fBssh_config_file\fP argument support (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
add Python 3 support (\fI\%JM Fernández\fP, \fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.3 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
add \fBthreaded\fP option (\fI\%Cameron Maske\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
fix exception error message, correctly printing destination address (\fI\%Gustavo Machado\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
fix \fBpip install\fP failure (\fI\%Colin Jermain\fP, \fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.IP \(bu 2
.INDENT 2.0
.TP
.B v.0.0.1 (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.INDENT 7.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBSSHTunnelForwarder\fP class (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBopen\fP function (\fI\%Pahaz\fP)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
Copyright (c) 2014\-2019 Pahaz White
.sp
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the \(dqSoftware\(dq), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
.sp
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
.sp
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \(dqAS IS\(dq, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
.SH AUTHOR
Pahaz White
.SH COPYRIGHT
2014-2023, Pahaz White and contributors
.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
.