.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.50.1.
.TH PR "1" "April 2026" "GNU coreutils 9.11" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
pr \- convert text files for printing
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B pr
[\fI\,OPTION\/\fR]... [\fI\,FILE\/\fR]...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" Add any additional description here
.PP
Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
.PP
With no FILE, or when FILE is \-, read standard input.
.PP
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr--pages'\fB+FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE], \-\-pages=\,FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
begin [stop] printing with page FIRST_[LAST_]PAGE
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-COLS'\fB\-COLS, \-\-columns=\,COLS\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
output COLS columns and print columns down, unless \fB\-a\fR is used.
Balance number of lines in the columns on each page
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-a'\fB\-a, \-\-across\fP\X'tty: link'
print columns across rather than down, used together with \fB\-COLS\fR
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-c'\fB\-c, \-\-show\-control\-chars\fP\X'tty: link'
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-d'\fB\-d, \-\-double\-space\fP\X'tty: link'
double space the output
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-D'\fB\-D, \-\-date\-format=\,FORMAT\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
use FORMAT for the header date
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-e'\fB\-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], \-\-expand\-tabs[=\,CHAR[WIDTH]]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-F'\fB\-F, \-f, \-\-form\-feed\fP\X'tty: link'
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3\-line page header with \fB\-F\fR or a 5\-line header
and trailer without \fB\-F\fR)
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-h'\fB\-h, \-\-header=\,HEADER\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
\fB\-h\fR "" prints a blank line, don't use \fB\-h\fR""
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-i'\fB\-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], \-\-output\-tabs[=\,CHAR[WIDTH]]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-J'\fB\-J, \-\-join\-lines\fP\X'tty: link'
merge full lines, turns off \fB\-W\fR line truncation,
no column alignment, \fB\-\-sep\-string\fR[=\fI\,STRING\/\fR] sets separators
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-l'\fB\-l, \-\-length=\,PAGE_LENGTH\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with \fB\-F\fR 63).
implies \fB\-t\fR if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-m'\fB\-m, \-\-merge\fP\X'tty: link'
print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with \fB\-J\fR
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-n'\fB\-n[SEP[DIGITS]], \-\-number\-lines[=\,SEP[DIGITS]]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-N'\fB\-N, \-\-first\-line\-number=\,NUMBER\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-o'\fB\-o, \-\-indent=\,MARGIN\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect \fB\-w\fR or \fB\-W\fR, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-r'\fB\-r, \-\-no\-file\-warnings\fP\X'tty: link'
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-s'\fB\-s[CHAR], \-\-separator[=\,CHAR]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the <TAB> character without \fB\-w\fR and 'no char' with \fB\-w\fR.
\fB\-s\fR[\fI\,CHAR\/\fR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (\fB\-COLS\fR|\-a \fB\-COLS\fR|\-m) except \fB\-w\fR is set
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-S'\fB\-S[STRING], \-\-sep\-string[=\,STRING]\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
separate columns by STRING,
without \fB\-S\fR: Default separator <TAB> with \fB\-J\fR and <space>
otherwise (same as \fB\-S\fR" "), no effect on column options
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-t'\fB\-t, \-\-omit\-header\fP\X'tty: link'
omit page headers and trailers; implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-T'\fB\-T, \-\-omit\-pagination\fP\X'tty: link'
omit page headers and trailers,
eliminate any pagination by form feeds set in input files
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-v'\fB\-v, \-\-show\-nonprinting\fP\X'tty: link'
use octal backslash notation
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-w'\fB\-w, \-\-width=\,PAGE_WIDTH\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text\-column output only, \fB\-s\fR[\fI\,char\/\fR] turns off (72)
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pr-W'\fB\-W, \-\-page\-width=\,PAGE_WIDTH\fP\X'tty: link'\/\fR
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except \fB\-J\fR option is set,
no interference with \fB\-S\fR or \fB\-s\fR
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pr#pr--help'\fB\-\-help\fP\X'tty: link'
display this help and exit
.TP
\X'tty: link https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pr#pr--version'\fB\-\-version\fP\X'tty: link'
output version information and exit
.SH AUTHOR
Written by Pete TerMaat and Roland Huebner.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
Report bugs to: bug\-coreutils@gnu.org
.br
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
.br
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
.br
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright \(co 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
.br
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/pr>
.br
or available locally via: info \(aq(coreutils) pr invocation\(aq