PIPE(8) | System Manager's Manual | PIPE(8) |
NAME
pipe - Postfix delivery to external command
SYNOPSIS
pipe [generic Postfix daemon options] command_attributes...
DESCRIPTION
The pipe(8) daemon processes requests from the Postfix queue manager to deliver messages to external commands. This program expects to be run from the master(8) process manager.
Message attributes such as sender address, recipient address and next-hop host name can be specified as command-line macros that are expanded before the external command is executed.
The pipe(8) daemon updates queue files and marks recipients as finished, or it informs the queue manager that delivery should be tried again at a later time. Delivery status reports are sent to the bounce(8), defer(8) or trace(8) daemon as appropriate.
SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY
Some destinations cannot handle more than one recipient per delivery request. Examples are pagers or fax machines. In addition, multi-recipient delivery is undesirable when prepending a Delivered-to: or X-Original-To: message header.
To prevent Postfix from sending multiple recipients per delivery request, specify
transport_destination_recipient_limit = 1
in the Postfix main.cf file, where transport is the name in the first column of the Postfix master.cf entry for the pipe-based delivery transport.
COMMAND ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
The external command attributes are given in the master.cf file at the end of a service definition. The syntax is as follows:
- chroot=pathname (optional)
- Change the process root directory and working directory to the named
directory. This happens before switching to the privileges specified with
the user attribute, and before executing the optional
directory=pathname directive. Delivery is deferred in case
of failure.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.3.
- directory=pathname (optional)
- Change to the named directory before executing the external command. The
directory must be accessible for the user specified with the user
attribute (see below). The default working directory is
$queue_directory. Delivery is deferred in case of failure.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- eol=string (optional, default: \n)
- The output record delimiter. Typically one would use either \r\n or \n. The usual C-style backslash escape sequences are recognized: \a \b \f \n \r \t \v \ddd (up to three octal digits) and \\.
- flags=BDFORXhqu.> (optional)
- Optional message processing flags. By default, a message is copied unchanged.
- B
- Append a blank line at the end of each message. This is required by some mail user agents that recognize "From " lines only when preceded by a blank line.
- D
- Prepend a "Delivered-To: recipient" message header
with the envelope recipient address. Note: for this to work, the
transport_destination_recipient_limit must be 1 (see
SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY above for details).
The D flag also enforces loop detection (Postfix 2.5 and later): if a message already contains a Delivered-To: header with the same recipient address, then the message is returned as undeliverable. The address comparison is case insensitive.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.0.
- F
- Prepend a "From sender time_stamp" envelope header to the message content. This is expected by, for example, UUCP software.
- O
- Prepend an "X-Original-To: recipient" message
header with the recipient address as given to Postfix. Note: for this to
work, the transport_destination_recipient_limit must be 1
(see SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY above for details).
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.0.
- R
- Prepend a Return-Path: message header with the envelope sender address.
- X
- Indicate that the external command performs final delivery. This flag
affects the status reported in "success" DSN (delivery status
notification) messages, and changes it from "relayed" into
"delivered".
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
- h
- Fold the command-line $original_recipient and $recipient address domain part (text to the right of the right-most @ character) to lower case; fold the entire command-line $domain and $nexthop host or domain information to lower case. This is recommended for delivery via UUCP.
- q
- Quote white space and other special characters in the command-line
$sender, $original_recipient and $recipient address
localparts (text to the left of the right-most @ character),
according to an 8-bit transparent version of RFC 822. This is recommended
for delivery via UUCP or BSMTP.
The result is compatible with the address parsing of command-line recipients by the Postfix sendmail(1) mail submission command.
The q flag affects only entire addresses, not the partial address information from the $user, $extension or $mailbox command-line macros.
- u
- Fold the command-line $original_recipient and $recipient address localpart (text to the left of the right-most @ character) to lower case. This is recommended for delivery via UUCP.
- .
- Prepend "." to lines starting with ".". This is needed by, for example, BSMTP software.
- >
- Prepend ">" to lines starting with "From ". This is expected by, for example, UUCP software.
- null_sender=replacement (default: MAILER-DAEMON)
- Replace the null sender address (typically used for delivery status
notifications) with the specified text when expanding the $sender
command-line macro, and when generating a From_ or Return-Path: message
header.
If the null sender replacement text is a non-empty string then it is affected by the q flag for address quoting in command-line arguments.
The null sender replacement text may be empty; this form is recommended for content filters that feed mail back into Postfix. The empty sender address is not affected by the q flag for address quoting in command-line arguments.
Caution: a null sender address is easily mis-parsed by naive software. For example, when the pipe(8) daemon executes a command such as:
Wrong: command -f$sender -- $recipient
- the command will mis-parse the -f option value when the sender address is
a null string. For correct parsing, specify $sender as an argument
by itself:
Right: command -f $sender -- $recipient
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the command, $sender, or $recipient. - This feature is available as of Postfix 2.3.
- size=size_limit (optional)
- Don't deliver messages that exceed this size limit (in bytes); return them to the sender instead.
- user=username (required)
- user=username:groupname
- Execute the external command with the user ID and group ID of the specified username. The software refuses to execute commands with root privileges, or with the privileges of the mail system owner. If groupname is specified, the corresponding group ID is used instead of the group ID of username.
- argv=command... (required)
- The command to be executed. This must be specified as the last command
attribute. The command is executed directly, i.e. without interpretation
of shell meta characters by a shell command interpreter.
Specify "{" and "}" around command arguments that contain whitespace (Postfix 3.0 and later). Whitespace after the opening "{" and before the closing "}" is ignored.
In the command argument vector, the following macros are recognized and replaced with corresponding information from the Postfix queue manager delivery request.
In addition to the form ${name}, the forms $name and the deprecated form $(name) are also recognized. Specify $$ where a single $ is wanted.
- ${client_address}
- This macro expands to the remote client network address.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${client_helo}
- This macro expands to the remote client HELO command parameter.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${client_hostname}
- This macro expands to the remote client hostname.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${client_port}
- This macro expands to the remote client TCP port number.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
- ${client_protocol}
- This macro expands to the remote client protocol.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${domain}
- This macro expands to the domain portion of the recipient address. For
example, with an address user+foo@domain the domain is
domain.
This information is modified by the h flag for case folding.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
- ${envid}
- This macro expands to the RFC 3461 envelope ID if available, otherwise the
empty string.
This feature is available as of Postfix 3.9.
- ${extension}
- This macro expands to the extension part of a recipient address. For
example, with an address user+foo@domain the extension is
foo.
A command-line argument that contains ${extension} expands into as many command-line arguments as there are recipients.
This information is modified by the u flag for case folding.
- ${mailbox}
- This macro expands to the complete local part of a recipient address. For
example, with an address user+foo@domain the mailbox is
user+foo.
A command-line argument that contains ${mailbox} expands to as many command-line arguments as there are recipients.
This information is modified by the u flag for case folding.
- ${nexthop}
- This macro expands to the next-hop hostname.
This information is modified by the h flag for case folding.
- ${original_recipient}
- This macro expands to the complete recipient address before any address
rewriting or aliasing.
A command-line argument that contains ${original_recipient} expands to as many command-line arguments as there are recipients.
This information is modified by the hqu flags for quoting and case folding.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
- ${queue_id}
- This macro expands to the queue id.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.11.
- ${recipient}
- This macro expands to the complete recipient address.
A command-line argument that contains ${recipient} expands to as many command-line arguments as there are recipients.
This information is modified by the hqu flags for quoting and case folding.
- ${sasl_method}
- This macro expands to the name of the SASL authentication mechanism in the
AUTH command when the Postfix SMTP server received the message.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${sasl_sender}
- This macro expands to the SASL sender name (i.e. the original submitter as
per RFC 4954) in the MAIL FROM command when the Postfix SMTP server
received the message.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${sasl_username}
- This macro expands to the SASL user name in the AUTH command when the
Postfix SMTP server received the message.
This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
- ${sender}
- This macro expands to the envelope sender address. By default, the null
sender address expands to MAILER-DAEMON; this can be changed with the
null_sender attribute, as described above.
This information is modified by the q flag for quoting.
- ${size}
- This macro expands to Postfix's idea of the message size, which is an approximation of the size of the message as delivered.
- ${user}
- This macro expands to the username part of a recipient address. For
example, with an address user+foo@domain the username part is
user.
A command-line argument that contains ${user} expands into as many command-line arguments as there are recipients.
This information is modified by the u flag for case folding.
STANDARDS
RFC 3463 (Enhanced status codes)
DIAGNOSTICS
Command exit status codes are expected to follow the conventions defined in <sysexits.h>. Exit status 0 means normal successful completion.
In the case of a non-zero exit status, a limited amount of command output is logged, and reported in a delivery status notification. When the output begins with a 4.X.X or 5.X.X enhanced status code, the status code takes precedence over the non-zero exit status (Postfix version 2.3 and later).
After successful delivery (zero exit status) a limited amount of command output is logged, and reported in "success" delivery status notifications (Postfix 3.0 and later). This command output is not examined for the presence of an enhanced status code.
Problems and transactions are logged to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8). Corrupted message files are marked so that the queue manager can move them to the corrupt queue for further inspection.
SECURITY
This program needs a dual personality 1) to access the private Postfix queue and IPC mechanisms, and 2) to execute external commands as the specified user. It is therefore security sensitive.
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
Changes to main.cf are picked up automatically as pipe(8) processes run for only a limited amount of time. Use the command "postfix reload" to speed up a change.
The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.
RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
In the text below, transport is the first field in a master.cf entry.
- transport_time_limit ($command_time_limit)
- A transport-specific override for the command_time_limit parameter value, where transport is the master.cf name of the message delivery transport.
Implemented in the qmgr(8) daemon:
- transport_destination_concurrency_limit ($default_destination_concurrency_limit)
- A transport-specific override for the default_destination_concurrency_limit parameter value, where transport is the master.cf name of the message delivery transport.
- transport_destination_recipient_limit ($default_destination_recipient_limit)
- A transport-specific override for the default_destination_recipient_limit parameter value, where transport is the master.cf name of the message delivery transport.
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
- config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
- The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.
- daemon_timeout (18000s)
- How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
- delay_logging_resolution_limit (2)
- The maximal number of digits after the decimal point when logging sub-second delay values.
- export_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
- The list of environment variables that a Postfix process will export to non-Postfix processes.
- ipc_timeout (3600s)
- The time limit for sending or receiving information over an internal communication channel.
- mail_owner (postfix)
- The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix daemon processes.
- max_idle (100s)
- The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
- max_use (100)
- The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon process will service before terminating voluntarily.
- process_id (read-only)
- The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
- process_name (read-only)
- The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
- queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
- The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
- recipient_delimiter (empty)
- The set of characters that can separate an email address localpart, user name, or a .forward file name from its extension.
- syslog_facility (mail)
- The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
- syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
- A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:
- pipe_delivery_status_filter ($default_delivery_status_filter)
- Optional filter for the pipe(8) delivery agent to change the delivery status code or explanatory text of successful or unsuccessful deliveries.
Available in Postfix version 3.3 and later:
- enable_original_recipient (yes)
- Enable support for the original recipient address after an address is rewritten to a different address (for example with aliasing or with canonical mapping).
- service_name (read-only)
- The master.cf service name of a Postfix daemon process.
Available in Postfix 3.5 and later:
- info_log_address_format (external)
- The email address form that will be used in non-debug logging (info, warning, etc.).
SEE ALSO
qmgr(8), queue manager bounce(8), delivery status reports postconf(5), configuration parameters master(5), generic daemon options master(8), process manager postlogd(8), Postfix logging syslogd(8), system logging
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema IBM T.J. Watson Research P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA Wietse Venema Google, Inc. 111 8th Avenue New York, NY 10011, USA