PING(8) iputils PING(8) ping -- ICMP ECHO_REQUEST ping [-aAbBdCDfhHLnOqrRUvV46] [-c ] [-e ] [-F _] [-i ] [-I ] [-l _] [-m ] [-M _pmtudisc] [-N _nodeinfo] [-w _] [-W _] [-p ] [-Q tos] [-s _] [-S sndbuffer] [-t ttl] [-T ] [hop...] {} ping ' ECHO_REQUEST ICMP ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE . ECHO_REQUEST (<<>>) IP ICMP, timeval <<>>, . ping IPv4, IPv6. -4 -6. ping IPv6 (RFC4620). , IPv6 (RFC5095). -4 IPv4. -6 IPv6. -a -. -A . , ( , ) . 2 , -i. (RTT) . -b . -B ping . ' ping. -c ECHO_REQUEST. _ ping ECHO_REPLY, . -C connect() . -d SO_DEBUG . , Linux. -D ( unix + , gettimeofday) . -e ECHO_REQUEST. 0 ( ICMP). -v. -f . ECHO_REQUEST <<.>>, ECHO_REPLY ( ). , , . , , . . -F IPv6. 20- ( ) -. , . -h . -H DNS . -f, . -n. -i . ( ). , , , . , 2 , . : 1 . -I , , VRF. , . , . VRF ( ), ; , -I . : IPv6 , ( <<%>>- ), '. -l _ _, ping , . , 3, . -L . , . -m . , . -M _pmtudisc MTU . _pmtudisc do ( DF, PMTU , ), want ( PMTU, , ), dont ( DF). -N _nodeinfo IPv6. IPv6 (RFC4620), -. CAP_NET_RAW. help NI. . ipv6 IPv6. IPv6 . ipv6-global IPv6 . ipv6-sitelocal IPv6 . ipv6-linklocal IPv6 . ipv6-all IPv6 . ipv4 IPv4. IPv4 . ipv4-all IPv4 . subject-ipv6=_ipv6 ' IPv6. subject-ipv4=_ipv4 ' IPv4. subject-name=_ '. , . subject-fqdn=_ '. . -n . ( DNS). -f. -H. -O ECHO ICMP . -D, . -p 16 <<>> , . . , -p ff . -q . , . -Q tos , ' (Quality of Service) ICMP. tos ( ping) . RFC2474 8- (DS), : 0-1 (2 ) 2-7 (6 ) (DSCP). RFC2481 RFC3168 0-1 ECN. (RFC1349, RFC2474), : 0 ( ) ( ), 1-4 5-7 ( ) . -r . . , , -I. -R ping. . RECORD_ROUTE ECHO_REQUEST . , IP ' . . -s _ , . 56, 64 ICMP 8 ICMP. -S sndbuf sndbuf . , , . -t ttl ping. IP. -T IP. tsonly ( ), tsandaddr ( ), tsprespec 1 [2 [3 [4]]] ( ). -U - ( ). , ping , , , DNS. -v . DUP . -V . -w _ , , ping, , . ping , _, . -W _ , . , . ping (RTT). ( ). 0 << >>. ping , . , . . , , , , . (mdev), , . mdev, ( ). , ( , , , , , , ) -. ( ) SIGINT, . SIGQUIT. , . , , ping . ping , 1. , , 1. , 2. , 0. , , . LINK-LOCAL IPV6 IPv6, link-local ping ICMP, . ping , , , , . : o % notation % ifindex. : ping fe80::5054:ff:fe70:67bc%eth0 ping fe80::5054:ff:fe70:67bc%2 o -I ICMP : 5.17, 5.15.19, 5.10.96, 5.4.176, 4.19.228, 4.14.265. , libc musl. ICMP IP 20 . ICMP ECHO_REQUEST 8 ICMP ' . _, ( ). , ' , IP ICMP ECHO_REPLY 8 ' , ( ICMP). ' timeval, ping ' , . ' , . ping . , '. ( ) , . , , ping ( ). TCP UDP, , ICMP (ID). , ping , . 16- ID. , , ping. ping ' . ping PID. /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max 32768. , ping pid_max, 65535, . () , . , , ' , . , , , <<>>, , , , , . ' () ' , ' , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , -p ping. TTL TTL IP IP, , . , , TTL . TTL TCP . 255, -- 64. , TCP/ RFC9293. ping TTL , . , TTL : o ; , Berkeley Unix 4.3BSD Tahoe. TTL 255 . o 255; , Berkeley Unix. TTL 255 , ping. o . ICMP, TCP, 30 60. . o RECORD_ROUTE. o IP , RECORD_ROUTE, . , . o , , . . ip(8), ss(8). ping ' 4.3BSD. , Linux. s20150815, ping6 . ' ping. ping6, ping, , . ping CAP_NET_RAW, 1) , - (. -N) 0 ECHO_REQUEST (. -e), 2) ICMP, 3) - ICMP. root. ping iputils. Yuri Chornoivan ; , GNU General Public License Version 3 . . , , : . iputils 20240117 PING(8)