PERLFAQ2(7)            Perl Programmers Reference Guide            PERLFAQ2(7)


NAME
       perlfaq2 - <?><?><?><?><?> Perl (2003/10/16 04:57:38)

DESCRIPTION <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/latest.tar.gz<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       POSIX tar<?><?><?><?><?><?> gzip<?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Unix <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?>)<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> VMS, DOS,
       OS/2, Windows, QNX, BeOS, OS X, MPE/iX <?> Amiga.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Apple<?><?><?><?> http://www.cpan.org/ports/
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       C<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       gcc<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl <?> CPAN <?><?><?><?>
       gcc<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Unix<?> <?><?><?>

       <?><?> URLs <?><?><?><?><?>

           http://www.cpan.org/ports/
           http://www.perl.com/pub/language/info/software.html

       Someone looking for a Perl for Win16 might look to Laszlo Molnar's
       djgpp port in http://www.cpan.org/ports/#msdos , which comes with clear
       installation instructions.  A simple installation guide for MS-DOS
       using Ilya Zakharevich's OS/2 port is available at
       http://www.cs.ruu.nl/%7Epiet/perl5dos.html and similarly for Windows
       3.1 at http://www.cs.ruu.nl/%7Epiet/perlwin3.html .

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> C<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?> C
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Sun god <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       gcc<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> Usenet
       FAQs<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> gcc<?><?><?> <?>

       <?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> make
       install<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       --<?><?><?> perl<?>
       @INC<?><?><?>perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

           % perl -le 'print for @INC'

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       symlinks<?>aliases <?><?><?><?>@INC <?><?><?><?><?>

           % perl -V

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> "How do I keep my own module/library
       directory?" in perlfaq8.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl<?><?><?> gdbm/dynamic
       loading/malloc/linking/...<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?>
       INSTALL<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       (Configure)
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> CPAN<?><?><?><?>
       CPAN/src/...<?><?><?><?><?><?>

       CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?>(Comprehensive Perl
       Archive
       Network)<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>200<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       CGI<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>CPAN<?><?><?><?><?>http://www.cpan.org/
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> http://www.cpan.org/CPAN.html
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.perl.com/CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>http://mirror.cpan.org/
       <?><?><?><?> http://www.cpan.org/MIRRORED <?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> CPAN FAQ <?><?> http://www.cpan.org/misc/cpan-faq.html
       <?><?><?><?><?>  CPAN <?> FAQ<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       CPAN/path/... <?> CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>CPAN
       <?><?><?><?>
       CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN <?><?><?><?> CPAN
       <?><?><?><?> CPAN/misc/japh<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/misc/japh <?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?>
       CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       CPAN/modules/by-category/ <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       processes<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>filehandles<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?>

       <?><?> http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html <?>
       http://search.cpan.org/ <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       CPAN <?><?> O'Reilly and Associates <?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> ISO<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       ANSI<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?>Larry<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl
       <?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Unix<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> man
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Unix
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>HTML
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       man<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perldoc perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       /usr/local/lib/perl5/pod<?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://perldoc.cpan.org/ <?> http://www.perldoc.com/
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> html <?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Tutorial documents are included in current or upcoming Perl releases
       include perltoot for objects or perlboot for a beginner's approach to
       objects, perlopentut for file opening semantics, perlreftut for
       managing references, perlretut for regular expressions, perlthrtut for
       threads, perldebtut for debugging, and perlxstut for linking C and Perl
       together.  There may be more by the time you read this.  The following
       URLs might also be of assistance:

           http://perldoc.cpan.org/
           http://www.perldoc.com/
           http://bookmarks.cpan.org/search.cgi?cat=Training%2FTutorials

       USENET<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Usenet <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?>

           comp.lang.perl.announce             Moderated announcement group
           comp.lang.perl.misc                 High traffic general Perl discussion
           comp.lang.perl.moderated        Moderated discussion group
           comp.lang.perl.modules              Use and development of Perl modules
           comp.lang.perl.tk                   Using Tk (and X) from Perl

           comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi  Writing CGI scripts for the Web.

       Some years ago, comp.lang.perl was divided into those groups, and
       comp.lang.perl itself officially removed.  While that group may still
       be found on some news servers, it is unwise to use it, because postings
       there will not appear on news servers which honour the official list of
       group names.  Use comp.lang.perl.misc for topics which do not have a
       more-appropriate specific group.

       There is also a Usenet gateway to Perl mailing lists sponsored by
       perl.org at nntp://nntp.perl.org , a web interface to the same lists at
       http://nntp.perl.org/group/ and these lists are also available under
       the "perl.*" hierarchy at http://groups.google.com . Other groups are
       listed at http://lists.perl.org/ ( also known as http://lists.cpan.org/
       ).

       A nice place to ask questions is the PerlMonks site,
       http://www.perlmonks.org/ , or the Perl Beginners mailing list
       http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=beginners .

       Note that none of the above are supposed to write your code for you:
       asking questions about particular problems or general advice is fine,
       but asking someone to write your code for free is not very cool.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       comp.lang.perl.misc<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       alt.sources
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Followup-To <?><?><?><?> alt.sources <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> FAQ <?>

       If you're just looking for software, first use Google (
       http://www.google.com ), Google's usenet search interface (
       http://groups.google.com ),  and CPAN Search ( http://search.cpan.org
       ).  This is faster and more productive than just posting a request.

       Perl <?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?>
       CGI<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?> Tom Christiansen
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.perl.com/perl/critiques/index.html .

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (July 2000)<?>

           Programming Perl (the "Camel Book"):
               by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant
               0-596-00027-8  [3rd edition July 2000]
               http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pperl3/
           (English, translations to several languages are also available)

       The companion volume to the Camel containing thousands of real-world
       examples, mini-tutorials, and complete programs is:

           The Perl Cookbook (the "Ram Book"):
               by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington,
                   with Foreword by Larry Wall
               ISBN 1-56592-243-3 [1st Edition August 1998]
               http://perl.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook/

       If you're already a seasoned programmer, then the Camel Book might
       suffice for you to learn Perl from.  If you're not, check out the Llama
       book:

           Learning Perl (the "Llama Book")
               by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix
               ISBN 0-596-00132-0 [3rd edition July 2001]
               http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperl3/

       And for more advanced information on writing larger programs, presented
       in the same style as the Llama book, continue your education with the
       Alpaca book:

           Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules (the "Alpaca Book")
              by Randal L. Schwartz, with Tom Phoenix (foreword by Damian Conway)
              ISBN 0-596-00478-8 [1st edition June 2003]
              http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lrnperlorm/

       If you're not an accidental programmer, but a more serious and possibly
       even degreed computer scientist who doesn't need as much hand-holding
       as we try to provide in the Llama, please check out the delightful book

           Perl: The Programmer's Companion
               by Nigel Chapman
               ISBN 0-471-97563-X [1997, 3rd printing Spring 1998]
               http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/catalog/97563-X.htm
               http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/chapman/perl/perltpc.html (errata etc)

       If you are more at home in Windows the following is available (though
       unfortunately rather dated).

           Learning Perl on Win32 Systems (the "Gecko Book")
               by Randal L. Schwartz, Erik Olson, and Tom Christiansen,
                   with foreword by Larry Wall
               ISBN 1-56592-324-3 [1st edition August 1997]
               http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperlwin/

       Addison-Wesley ( http://www.awlonline.com/ ) and Manning (
       http://www.manning.com/ ) are also publishers of some fine Perl books
       such as Object Oriented Programming with Perl by Damian Conway and
       Network Programming with Perl by Lincoln Stein.

       An excellent technical book discounter is Bookpool at
       http://www.bookpool.com/ where a 30% discount or more is not unusual.

       What follows is a list of the books that the FAQ authors found
       personally useful.  Your mileage may (but, we hope, probably won't)
       vary.

       Recommended books on (or mostly on) Perl follow.

       References
               Programming Perl
                   by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant
                   ISBN 0-596-00027-8 [3rd edition July 2000]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pperl3/

               Perl 5 Pocket Reference
               by Johan Vromans
                   ISBN 0-596-00032-4 [3rd edition May 2000]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/

               Perl in a Nutshell
               by Ellen Siever, Stephan Spainhour, and Nathan Patwardhan
                   ISBN 1-56592-286-7 [1st edition December 1998]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlnut/

       Tutorials
               Elements of Programming with Perl
                   by Andrew L. Johnson
                   ISBN 1-884777-80-5 [1st edition October 1999]
                   http://www.manning.com/Johnson/

               Learning Perl
                   by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix
                   ISBN 0-596-00132-0 [3rd edition July 2001]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperl3/

               Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules
                  by Randal L. Schwartz, with Tom Phoenix (foreword by Damian Conway)
                  ISBN 0-596-00478-8 [1st edition June 2003]
                  http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lrnperlorm/

               Learning Perl on Win32 Systems
                   by Randal L. Schwartz, Erik Olson, and Tom Christiansen,
                       with foreword by Larry Wall
                   ISBN 1-56592-324-3 [1st edition August 1997]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperlwin/

               Perl: The Programmer's Companion
                   by Nigel Chapman
                   ISBN 0-471-97563-X [1997, 3rd printing Spring 1998]
               http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/catalog/97563-X.htm
               http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/chapman/perl/perltpc.html (errata etc)

               Cross-Platform Perl
                   by Eric Foster-Johnson
                   ISBN 1-55851-483-X [2nd edition September 2000]
                   http://www.pconline.com/~erc/perlbook.htm

               MacPerl: Power and Ease
                   by Vicki Brown and Chris Nandor,
                       with foreword by Matthias Neeracher
                   ISBN 1-881957-32-2 [1st edition May 1998]
                   http://www.macperl.com/ptf_book/

       Task-Oriented
               The Perl Cookbook
                   by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington
                       with foreword by Larry Wall
                   ISBN 1-56592-243-3 [1st edition August 1998]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook/

               Effective Perl Programming
                   by Joseph Hall
                   ISBN 0-201-41975-0 [1st edition 1998]
                   http://www.awl.com/

       Special Topics
               Mastering Regular Expressions
                   by Jeffrey E. F. Friedl
                   ISBN 0-596-00289-0 [2nd edition July 2002]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex2/

               Network Programming with Perl
                   by Lincoln Stein
                   ISBN 0-201-61571-1 [1st edition 2001]
                   http://www.awlonline.com/

               Object Oriented Perl
                   Damian Conway
                       with foreword by Randal L. Schwartz
                   ISBN 1-884777-79-1 [1st edition August 1999]
                   http://www.manning.com/Conway/

               Data Munging with Perl
                   Dave Cross
                   ISBN 1-930110-00-6 [1st edition 2001]
                   http://www.manning.com/cross

               Mastering Perl/Tk
                   by Steve Lidie and Nancy Walsh
                   ISBN 1-56592-716-8 [1st edition January 2002]
                   http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/mastperltk/

               Extending and Embedding Perl
                  by Tim Jenness and Simon Cozens
                  ISBN 1-930110-82-0 [1st edition August 2002]
                  http://www.manning.com/jenness

       <?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?>

       The first (and for a long time, only) periodical devoted to All Things
       Perl, The Perl Journal contains tutorials, demonstrations, case
       studies, announcements, contests, and much more.  TPJ has columns on
       web development, databases, Win32 Perl, graphical programming, regular
       expressions, and networking, and sponsors the Obfuscated Perl Contest
       and the Perl Poetry Contests.  Beginning in November 2002, TPJ moved to
       a reader-supported monthly e-zine format in which subscribers can
       download issues as PDF documents. For more details on TPJ, see
       http://www.tpj.com/

       Beyond this, magazines that frequently carry quality articles on Perl
       are The Perl Review ( http://www.theperlreview.com ), Unix Review (
       http://www.unixreview.com/ ), Linux Magazine (
       http://www.linuxmagazine.com/ ), and Usenix's newsletter/magazine to
       its members, login: ( http://www.usenix.org/ )

       The Perl columns of Randal L. Schwartz are available on the web at
       http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/WebTechniques/ ,
       http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/UnixReview/ , and
       http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/ .

       <?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?> FTP <?> WWW

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.PP
       <?><?><?><?><?> xx.cpan.org <?><?><?> "xx"
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       au.cpan.org.
       [<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>]

       <?><?><?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Tk<?>CGI <?> libwww-
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> mailing
       lists<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

               http://lists.perl.org/

       comp.lang.perl.misc <?><?><?><?>

       The Google search engine now carries archived and searchable newsgroup
       content.

       http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.lang.perl.misc

       If you have a question, you can be sure someone has already asked the
       same question at some point on c.l.p.m. It requires some time and
       patience to sift through all the content but often you will find the
       answer you seek.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>comp.lang.perl.*<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Larry<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Alternatively, you can purchase commercial incidence based support
       through the Perl Clinic.  The following is a commercial from them:

       "The Perl Clinic is a commercial Perl support service operated by
       ActiveState Tool Corp. and The Ingram Group.  The operators have many
       years of in-depth experience with Perl applications and Perl internals
       on a wide range of platforms.

       "Through our group of highly experienced and well-trained support
       engineers, we will put our best effort into understanding your problem,
       providing an explanation of the situation, and a recommendation on how
       to proceed."

       Contact The Perl Clinic at

           www.PerlClinic.com

           North America Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
           Tel:    1 604 606-4611 hours 8am-6pm
           Fax:    1 604 606-4640

           Europe (GMT)
           Tel:    00 44 1483 862814
           Fax:    00 44 1483 862801

       See also www.perl.com for updates on tutorials, training, and support.

       <?><?><?><?> bugs<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?> perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> bugs
       <?><?><?><?> perl <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?> perlbug <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> email <?>
       perlbug@perl.org .

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> bug<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Tk<?>CGI
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       bugs<?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?> perlbug(1) <?><?><?> (perl5.004 <?><?><?><?><?>)<?>

       <?><?><?> perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

       The Perl Home Page at http://www.perl.com/ is currently hosted by The
       O'Reilly Network, a subsidiary of O'Reilly and Associates.

       Perl Mongers is an advocacy organization for the Perl language which
       maintains the web site http://www.perl.org/ as a general advocacy site
       for the Perl language.

       Perl Mongers uses the pm.org domain for services related to Perl user
       groups, including the hosting of mailing lists and web sites.  See the
       Perl user group web site at http://www.pm.org/ for more information
       about joining, starting, or requesting services for a Perl user group.

       Perl Mongers also maintain the perl.org domain to provide general
       support services to the Perl community, including the hosting of
       mailing lists, web sites, and other services.  The web site
       http://www.perl.org/ is a general advocacy site for the Perl language,
       and there are many other sub-domains for special topics, such as

           http://bugs.perl.org/
           http://history.perl.org/
           http://lists.perl.org/
           http://use.perl.org/

       http://www.cpan.org/ is the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, a
       replicated worlwide repository of Perl software, see the What is CPAN?
       question earlier in this document.

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington.  All
       rights reserved.

       This documentation is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

       Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples here are in the
       public domain.  You are permitted and encouraged to use this code and
       any derivatives thereof in your own programs for fun or for profit as
       you see fit.  A simple comment in the code giving credit to the FAQ
       would be courteous but is not required.

<?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> man <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?> man <?><?><?><?><?><?>https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-
       zh

perl v5.8.3                       2003-11-25                       PERLFAQ2(7)