PERLFAQ1(7)            Perl Programmers Reference Guide            PERLFAQ1(7)


NAME
       perlfaq1 - <?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?> (2003/11/23 08:02:29)

DESCRIPTION <?><?>
       <?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       What is Perl? <?><?><?> Perl

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Larry
       Wall<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       C<?><?><?><?><?><?> sed<?>awk<?>UNIX shell
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?>
       process<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       WWW<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       CGI<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Internet<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Larry
       Wall<?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> README<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl
       Porters<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl5-porters/ <?>
       http://archive.develooper.com/perl5-porters@perl.org/
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> nntp://nntp.perl.org/perl.perl5.porters <?><?><?>
       web <?><?> http://nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters ,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl5-porters-request@perl.org
       (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>)
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> GNU<?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>GNU
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       GNU<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>

       Which version of Perl should I use? <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       (4.036)<?><?> 1992<?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>5.8.2 (<?><?>
       5.005_03 <?> 5.6.2
       <?><?><?><?>)<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       5.004 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> buffer
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       perl4 <?> perl5 <?><?><?><?><?><?>

       perl4 <?> perl5 <?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?>
       5(.004)<?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>1994<?>
       10 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl4<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>1991<?> 3 <?><?><?><?><?>
       perl1<?>1988<?> 1<?><?><?>perl2<?>1988<?> 6 <?><?><?><?><?>
       perl3<?>1989<?> 10 <?><?><?>

       5.0<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> perltrap <?><?> "Perl4 to Perl5 Traps" .

       <?><?><?><?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?>perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> perlhist <?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?>

       What is Ponie? <?><?><?> Ponie

       At The O'Reilly Open Source Software Convention in 2003, Artur Bergman,
       Fotango, and The Perl Foundation announced a project to run perl5 on
       the Parrot virtual machine named Ponie. Ponie stands for Perl On New
       Internal Engine.  The Perl 5.10 language implementation will be used
       for Ponie, and there will be no language level differences between
       perl5 and ponie.  Ponie is not a complete rewrite of perl5.

       For more details, see http://www.poniecode.org/

       What is perl6?

       At The Second O'Reilly Open Source Software Convention, Larry Wall
       announced Perl6 development would begin in earnest. Perl6 was an oft
       used term for Chip Salzenberg's project to rewrite Perl in C++ named
       Topaz. However, Topaz provided valuable insights to the next version of
       Perl and its implementation, but was ultimately abandoned.

       If you want to learn more about Perl6, or have a desire to help in the
       crusade to make Perl a better place then peruse the Perl6 developers
       page at http://dev.perl.org/perl6/ and get involved.

       Perl6 is not scheduled for release yet, and Perl5 will still be
       supported for quite awhile after its release. Do not wait for Perl6 to
       do whatever you need to do.

       "We're really serious about reinventing everything that needs
       reinventing."  --Larry Wall

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       5.000<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Larry <?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl4
       scripts<?><?><?> perl5
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       bugs<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       C <?><?><?><?> awk script<?>shell script<?><?><?><?><?><?> Excel<?>
       macro <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>TMTOWTDI;
       There's More Than One Way To Do It, <?><?><?><?><?>time
       today<?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?> Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?>UNIX<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       regular
       expressions<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> FAQ
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       CPAN<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
       Scheme, or Tcl?

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://language.perl.com/versus/ <?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?>
       shell<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> C<?> C++
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>...<?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> API<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> C<?>
       C++<?><?><?><?> Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> C<?>
       C++<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perlembed.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       prolog <?> matlab <?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> -- <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       :-)<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>prolog,
       make<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       drivers<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       (dynamically typed language)<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (statically
       typed)<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Larry<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> :-)<?>

       <?>perl<?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> ASCII<?><?><?><?><?><?>
       :-)
       Larry<?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>awk
       <?> perl<?><?><?><?>Python <?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>awk <?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?>Python <?> perl<?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Perl<?><?><?><?><?> program<?><?> script<?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>"<?><?> script
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> program <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>"

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>--
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> UUCP <?> PPP
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> expect
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       .cshrc <?>
       .ircrc<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       program
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       script <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> program

       Perl
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       (<?><?><?> Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?>)
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> C
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> script <?> scripting
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       "<?><?><?> non serious" <?> "<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>".  <?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       JAPH <?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> ``just another perl hacker''
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Randal Schwartz
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       http://www.cpan.org/misc/japh <?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?> Larry Wall <?><?><?><?><?> (witticisms)<?>

       <?><?><?><?> Larry<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       posts<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> http://www.cpan.org/misc/lwall-quotes.txt.gz
       <?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       5/5.8.3 <?><?> Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

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       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
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       FAQ<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> post
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?> http://www.perl.org/advocacy/

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       perl<?><?>perl5<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Perl<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> awk <?>
       C++<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       2003 <?> 12 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 5.8.2
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>5.6.2 (November 2003 <?><?>;
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> perl 5.6
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 5.6.1<?><?><?><?> April 2001) <?>
       5.005_03 (March 1999 <?><?>),
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 5.004_05
       <?><?><?><?><?> 5.004_05 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       Of particular note is the massive bug hunt for buffer overflow problems
       that went into the 5.004 release.  All releases prior to that,
       including perl4, are considered insecure and should be upgraded as soon
       as possible.

       In August 2000 in all Linux distributions a new security problem was
       found in the optional 'suidperl' (not built or installed by default) in
       all the Perl branches 5.6, 5.005, and 5.004, see
       http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/sperl-2000-08-05/ Perl maintenance releases
       5.6.1 and 5.8.0 have this security hole closed.  Most, if not all,
       Linux distribution have patches for this vulnerability available, see
       http://www.linuxsecurity.com/advisories/ , but the most recommendable
       way is to upgrade to at least Perl 5.6.1.

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Tom Christiansen and Nathan
       Torkington.  All rights reserved.

       This documentation is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

       Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples here are in the
       public domain.  You are permitted and encouraged to use this code and
       any derivatives thereof in your own programs for fun or for profit as
       you see fit.  A simple comment in the code giving credit to the FAQ
       would be courteous but is not required.

<?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> man <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?> man <?><?><?><?><?><?>https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-
       zh

perl v5.8.3                       2003-11-25                       PERLFAQ1(7)