MOUNT(8) mount - mount [-h|-V] mount [-l] [-t -] mount -a [-fFnrsvw] [-t -] [-O -] mount [-fnrsvw] [-o ] |- mount [-fnrsvw] [-t -] [-o ] - mount --bind|--rbind|--move - - mount --make-[shared|slave|private|unbindable|rshared|rslave|rprivate|runbindable] - , , /. . mount . , umount(8) . . mount : mount -t ( ) . -t . mount . . ,, " . ( ) - , , . , : mount /dir mount ( ) /etc/fstab . --target --source . : mount --target /- , (. ) . mount . . --all, ( --all ). . findmnt(8), . ,,?". ( ): mount [-l] [-t ] -l . . ( ), /dev/sda1, . , NFS , knuth.cwi.nl:/dir. ; . . (): LABEL= . -L. UUID= . - . -U. mount - . - fstab-(5) . - . PARTLABEL= . mkfs mkswap . (). PARTUUID= . mkfs mkswap . (). ID= ,,udev". WWN- ( ) . ls /dev/disk/by-id , ,,udevd"-. ,,udev"-, ,,udev" . lsblk --fs , - - . blkid -p <> . - , , . lsblk -o +, - . (. UUID=) /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id,partuuid,partlabel} ,,udev"- /etc/fstab . , . mount(8) ,,udev"-, /etc/fstab . libblkid(3). proc , - , proc - . ( none : ,,none " mount- .) ,,/etc/fstab", ,,/etc/mtab" ,,/proc/mounts" /etc/fstab ( fstab(5)), , . fstab(5) --fstab path ( ). mount -a [-t ] [-O -] ( ) fstab- ( / ) , noauto. -F mount , . fstab- mtab-, , . mount umount(8) /etc/mtab. /etc/mtab , /etc/mtab- /proc/mounts. mtab , . mtab , . mount, . /etc/fstab, -o: mount | -o /etc/fstab-. --options-mode. . mount /etc/fstab ( , , , ) . , foo /dir: mount /dev/foo /dir --options-source-force fstab-. mount fstab . - , . , fstab user , . , /dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide ,,iso9660" CDROM- : mount /cd mount fstab . , mount . NFS CIFS . ,,util-linux"- 2.35, mount ,,libmount"-. , ,,suid" . (. , , .). , fstab(5). . , users user fstab . owner user, . . /dev/fd . group , . user . user=, (/sbin/mount.<>) . . : mount --bind - - fstab-: /- /- none bind . ,,bind" VFS . ,,bind" . ,,bind". . ( ). , : mount --bind foo foo () , . : mount --rbind - - . (. _netdev) mount mount-. ,,util-linux"- 2.27 mount --bind. : mount -o bind,ro foo foo ; mount(2) . . () , : mount --bind - - mount -o remount,bind,ro - - (VFS , , - , - . ,,nosuid", ,,nodev", ,,noexec", ,,noatime", ,,nodiratime", ,,relatime" ,,nosymfollow" VFS ,,remount,bind". ( ) . mount(2) ( -o rbind,ro). mount_setattr(2) ,,libmount"- ,,util-linux"- 2.39 ,," (. -o rbind,ro=recursive) . . ,,util-linux"- 2.31, mount bind /etc/fstab remount ( -o remount ). . . mount- ,,remount,bind" /etc/fstab. ,,util-linux"- 2.39, mount API . . ,, -o bind,rw - . ,,mount(2)" , VFS . mounted tree (). : mount --move - - - -. . - . . findmnt -o , . 2.6.15 , , . . , . . . Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt ; mount_namespaces(7). : mount --make-shared - mount --make-slave - mount --make-private - mount --make-unbindable - . mount --make-rshared - mount --make-rslave - mount --make-rprivate - mount --make-runbindable - mount fstab(5) --make-* . . mount(2) , . ,,util-linux"- 2.23 mount () mount(8) . mount(2) . . fstab-(5) (private, slave, shared, unbindable, rprivate, rslave, rshared, runbindable). : mount --make-private --make-unbindable /dev/sda1 /foo : mount /dev/sda1 /foo mount --make-private /foo mount --make-unbindable /foo mount- fstab , -o, -r -w, . mount /sbin/mount. . mount- . mount : -a, --all ( ) fstab- ( noauto). fstab-. mount , ( ,,btfrs") . mount --all. fstab . /proc ( ) /sys ( ,,=" ,,="). /proc /sys mount -a , ,,/proc" ,,/sys" fstab. --all . (-t -O) . 2.35 je -o fstab- ( --options-mode). mount -a fstab-. findmnt --verify. -B, --bind ( ). , . -c, --no-canonicalize . mount ( fstab-a). -f . mount -i. . ,,X-mount.nocanonicalize" . mount /sbin/mount.. -F, --fork ( -a.) mount- . NFS . ; NFS . . , /usr /usr/spool. -f, --fake . --fake /etc/mtab . /etc/mtab , 2.39, . --fake ,,libmount" , . . --fake mount(8) . -i, --internal-only /sbin/mount.- . -L, --label . -l, --show-labels ,,mount"-. mount (. ,,--") . ,,ext2", ,,ext3" ,,ext4" e2label(8) , XFS xfs_admin(8), ,,reiserfs" reiserfstune(8). -M, --move . , . -m, --mkdir[=] ( ) . ,,-o X-mount.mkdir[=]", 0755. X-mount.mkdir. --map-groups, --map-users :__:__ / X-mount.idmap map. . X-mount.idmap . --map-users /proc//ns/ - . ,,-o X-mount.idmap=/proc/PID/ns/user" :__:__ . X-mount.idmap . -n, --no-mtab /etc/mtab. /etc . -N, --namespace - ns. ns . mount /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab: ( _/run/mount) mount(2), . mount(2) . mount_namespaces(7) . -O, --test-opts -a . -t -O -a. , mount -a -O no_netdev netdev /etc/fstab . -t ; no . -t -O ; , mount -a -t ext2 -O _netdev ,,ext2" netdev, ,,ext2" netdev . -o, --options . . : mount LABEL=- -o noatime,nodev,nosuid , . ,,fstab"-. , . --onlyonce mount . --all; , . (. ,,tmpfs"). --options-mode fstab/mtab . ignore, append, prepend replace. , append fstab- . prepend - fstab . . --options-source . fstab, mtab disable. disable fstab mtab --options-source-force. fstab,mtab. --options-source-force fstab/mtab . -R, --rbind ( ). , . -r, --read-only . -o ro. , , , . , ,,ext3" ,,ext4" . , ,,ext3" ,,ext4" ro,noload , blockdev(8). -s . . . mount.nfs. --source mount, ( ) (). . --target , ( ) (). . --target-prefix . fstab, , : mount --all --target-prefix /chroot -o X-mount.mkdir fstab /chroot, ( ,,X-mount.mkdir"). --fstab fstab. -T, --fstab fstab . , strverscmp(3); (.) .fstab . . ,,initramfs" ,,chroot" . mount --fstab /sbin/mount., fstab . , ( ) fstab . -t, --types - -t . . /proc/filesystems /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/fs . ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs, btrfs, vfat, sysfs, proc, nfs cifs. mount umount(8) . ,,.subtype". ,,fuse.sshfs". ( ,,sshfs#example.com" ). -t, auto, mount . mount libblkid(3) ; , mount /etc/filesystems, , , /proc/filesystems. , ,,nodev" (. devpts, proc nfs). /etc/filesystems *, ,,mount" /proc/filesystems. , silent. auto . /etc/filesystems (., ,,vfat"- ,,msdos"- ,,ext3" ,,ext2") . , -t /etc/fstab . -t no . no /etc/fstab . no -a. , mount -a -t nomsdos,smbfs msdos smbfs. mount mount(2) , . , ( nfs, nfs4, cifs, smbfs, ncpfs) - . nfs, nfs4, cifs, smbfs, ncpfs . , mount /sbin/mount. ( ) . smbmount , /sbin/mount.smbfs . -U, --uuid . -v, --verbose . 2.41, API , . -w, --rw, --read-write /. - mount- mount(2) - . -o rw. -w mount . -h, --help . -V, --version . /etc/fstab. . , /proc/mounts. ( tune2fs -l ,,extN" ). (Virtual File System, VFS) . . . nosuid, noexec, nodiratime, relatime, noatime, strictatime nosymfollow . -, : findmnt -o ,VFS-,FS- 2.39, ,,libmount" -. , , (. ,,rbind"). ,,recursive" () , : mount -orbind,ro=recursive,noexec=recursive,nosuid /foo /bar ,,/foo" ,,/bar", ,,/bar" , ,,/bar" "nosuid". ,,recursive" . (ro rw) , mount(8) . , . "-o bind,remount,ro" , "-o remount,ro" . , . 2.41, libmount vfs fs (. ro=fs) _. , : mount -o ro=vfs /dev/sdc1 /A - , /A . , ,,-o bind,remount,ro" . , . , sync ext2, ext3, ext4, fat, vfat, ufs xfs . async / . ( sync.) atime noatime, - . relatime strictatime. noatime - (. ). - ( ), nodiratime. auto -a. noauto (. -a ). context=, fscontext=, defcontext= rootcontext= context= , VFAT-, , ,,ext3" ,,ext4" e . context= , . ,,xattr" 2.4.. ,,xattrs"-, . context="system_u:object_r:removable_t. fscontext= , ,,xattr" . ,,fscontext" . . , . ,,xattr"- . ,,fscontext" , . defcontext=. ,,xattr" . rootcontext= - - . . @target . , ,," . : * * , , mount . . : mount -t tmpfs none /mnt -o \ 'context="system_u:object_r:tmp_t:s0:c127,c456",noexec' , selinux(8). defaults : rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async. . . dev . nodev . diratime - . . ( noatime.) nodiratime - . ( noatime.) dirsync . : creat(2), link(2), unlink(2), symlink(2), mkdir(2), rmdir(2), mknod(2) rename(2). exec . noexec . group . nosuid nodev ( , group,dev,suid). iversion - , i_ . noiversion - i_. mand . fcntl(2). 5.15. nomand . _netdev ( ). nofail . relatime - . . ( noatime, mutt(1) .) 2.6.30, ( noatime), strictatime . , 2.6.30, 1 . norelatime relatime. strictatime. strictatime ,,atime"-. relatime noatime, . /proc/mounts. nostrictatime -. lazytime (atime, mtime, ctime) - . - . : o - o fsync(2), syncfs(2), sync(2) o - o 24 - . nolazytime ,,lazytime". suid -- -- . nosuid ,,--" ,,--" . , nosuid_transition, nnp_nosuid_transition. silent . loud . owner . nosuid nodev ( , owner,dev,suid). remount . , . . bind . , . VFS (nodev,nosuid,noexec,ro) . mount(8) fstab /proc/self/mountinfo. --options-mode. ( 2.39 mount_setattr(2) ), , mount -o remount,ro=recursive, ,,reset-unspecified" /, . mount fstab-. mount fstab ( mtab) . mount -o remount,rw /dev/foo /dir fstab- ( mtab-) , loop= mount. mount -o remount,rw /dir , mount fstab (-o). fstab-, /proc/self/mountinfo. mount --all (-O -t). : mount --all -o remount,ro -t vfat ,,vfat" . mount -o remount,ro /dir. mount fstab mtab . ro[=(recursive|vfs|fs)] . API- mount(2). recursive VFS . vfs fs . fs ( ), vfs . , . , Read-only Setting Notes ( ). rw[=(recursive|vfs|fs)] -. sync / . (. ), sync . user . mtab ( ,,libmount" /run/mount mtab) . noexec, nosuid, nodev ( , user,exec,dev,suid). nouser . ; . users , . noexec, nosuid nodev ( , users,exec,dev,suid). X-* ,,X-" . (., mtab ), ,,mount." mount(2) . X-.. x-* The same as X-* options, but stored permanently in user space. This means the options are also available for umount(8) or other operations. Note that maintaining mount options in user space is tricky, because it's necessary to use libmount-based tools and there is no guarantee that the options will be always available (for example after a move mount operation or in unshared namespace). ,,util-linux"- 2.30 ,,x-" ,,libmount"- ( ,,X-" ), ( ,,initrd"-, ,,systemd"- .) fstab . X-mount.auto-fstypes= . . ,,auto" . ,,mount" ( -t ). ,,no". , ,,X-mount.auto-fstypes="ext4,btrfs"" ,,ext4" ,,btrfs", ,,X-mount.auto-fstypes="novfat,xfs"" ,,vfat" ,,xfs". , ,,auto-fstypes" , . : mount -t auto -o'X-mount.auto-fstypes="noext2,ext3"' /dev/sdc1 /mnt/test X-mount.mkdir[=] ( ) . mkdir(2) . 0755. mount ,,suid" . x-mount.mkdir, 2.30. --mkdir. X-mount.nocanonicalize[=] . , ,,mount" . , , . ,,source" () ,,target" () ( ). , . (. = =) ,,fstab". The command-line option --no-canonicalize overrides this mount option and affects all path and tag conversions in all situations, but for backward compatibility, it does not modify open_tree syscall flags and does not allow the bind-mount over a symlink use case. mount(8) , ,,X-mount.nocanonicalize". X-mount.noloop , . X-mount.subdir=directory Allow mounting a subdirectory of a filesystem instead of the root directory. This is effective only when a new instance of a filesystem is attached to the system. The option is silently ignored for operations like remount, bind mount, or move. For now, this feature is implemented by a temporary filesystem root-directory mount in an unshared namespace and then binding the sub-directory to the final mount point and unmounting the root of the filesystem. The sub-directory mount shows up atomically for the rest of the system although it is implemented by multiple mount(2) syscalls. ( unshare --mount) mount(8) API . , unshare --mount --propagation shared. . X-mount.owner=|, X-mount.group=| - . , -N. X-mount.mode= - . X-mount.idmap=id-type:id-mount:id-host:id-range [id-type:id-mount:id-host:id-range], X-mount.idmap=file . - . . - : o -. - -:-:-:-. u - -, g - - b - -. - . - . - - . -. . /etc/fstab, . , \040. , ,,X-mount.idmap=0:0:1\040500:1000:1". , - X-mount.idmap=u:1000:0:1 g:1001:1:2 5000:1000:2 - 0 1000, 1 1001, 2 1002, 1000 5000, 1001 5001 . - , -. . o . , - - . , X-mount.idmap=/proc/PID/ns/user - . nosymfollow . , readlink(1), readlink(2), realpath(1), realpath(3) . . , . . +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |() | | | | | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |btrfs | btrfs(5) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |cifs | mount.cifs(8) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |ext2, ext3, ext4 | ext4(5) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |fuse | fuse(8) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |nfs | nfs(5) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |tmpfs | tmpfs(5) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ |xfs | xfs(5) | +-------------------------+--------------------------+ . . . -o. . Documentation/filesystems. ,,adfs" uid= gid= (: uid=gid=0). ownmask= othmask= ,,ADFS" ,," ,," ( : 0700 0077). /usr/src/linux/Documentation/filesystems/adfs.rst. ,,affs" uid= gid= ( : uid=gid=0, uid gid , ). setuid= setgid= . mode= 0777 . . . protect . usemp , . ( ?)... verbose . prefix= , . volume= ( 30) / . reserved= (: 2.) . root= . bs= . 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. grpquota|noquota|quota|usrquota , . (, _/etc/fstab.) ,,debugfs" ,,debugfs" , /sys/kernel/debug. 3.4, ,,debugfs" : uid=n, gid=n . mode= . ,,devpts" ,,devpts" , /dev/pts. , /dev/ptmx; /dev/pts/<>. uid= gid= . , . , - 5, gid=5 . mode= . 0600. mode=620 gid=5 ,,mesg y" . newinstance ,,devpts" , ,,devpts"-. ,,devpts"- newinstance (., ). ,,devpts"- newinstance . . 2.6.29. , CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES . , /dev/ptmx pts/ptmx. Documentation/filesystems/devpts.txt . ptmxmode= ptmx ,,devpts" . ,,devpts" ( newinstance), ptmx ,,devpts" ( /dev/pts/ptmx). , ptmx 0000. ptmxmode= ptmx newinstance. 2.6.29. , CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES . ,,fat" (: fat , msdos, umsdos vfat .) blocksize={512|1024|2048} ( 512). . uid= gid= . ( : .) umask= ,,umask" ( ,," ). ,,umask" . . dmask= ,,umask" . ,,umask" . . fmask= ,,umask" . ,,umask" . . allow_utime= ,,mtime/atime"-. 20 - , . 2 . ,,dmask". ( , utime(2) . . ~dmask & 022) utime(2) , CAP_FOWNER . FAT / , . . check= : r[elaxed] , (. vrlodugnaziv.foobar vrlodug.foo), ( ). n[ormal] ,,relaxed", (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) . . s[trict] ,,normal", MS-DOS- (+, =, .) . codepage= FAT VFAT . , 437 . conv= . cvf_format= CVF (Compressed Volume File - ) ,,cvfmodule" . kmod, cvf_format=xxx CVF . . cvf_option= ,,CVF" . . debug . ( ). discard , ,,/" . SSD / LUN-. dos1xfloppy , BIOS , . DOS- 1.x 160 kiB, 180 kiB, 320 kiB, 360 kiB . errors={panic|continue|remount-ro} FAT : , , ( ). fat={12|16|32} 12, 16 32- . FAT . ! iocharset= 8- 16- . iso8859-1. . nfs={stale_rw|nostale_ro} FAT NFS-. stale_rw: () - ,,nfs" . (/) NFS-, NFS , ESTALE . nostale_ro: - FAT . ESTALE -. , , , . , . , -o nfs , stale_rw. tz=UTC ( FAT-) ( ). ( ) . time_offset= FAT . , . settimeofday(2) . DST- - DST . quiet quiet. (chown) (chmod) , . ! rodir FAT ATTR_RO ( ) . , ATTR_RO , (. ). ATTR_RO , . showexec , .EXE, .COM, .BAT. . sys_immutable , ATTR_SYS FAT IMMUTABLE . . flush , . . usefree ,, " . . , . ,, " , . dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no] FAT . ,,hfs" creator=cccc, type=cccc / MacOS . : '????'. uid=n, gid=n . ( : .) dir_umask=n, file_umask=n, umask=n ,,umask" , . ,,umask" . session=n . . - . part=n n . CDROM-. . quiet . ,,hpfs" uid= gid= . ( : .) umask= ,,umask" ( ,," ). ,,umask" . . case={lower|asis} . ( : case=lower.) conv= . nocheck . ,,iso9660" ISO 9660 CD-ROM-. ( DVD-. udf .) iso9660 8.3 (. - ), . , , , / , . ,,Rock Ridge" ,,iso9660" - . , Rock Ridge , ( , ). norock ,,Rock Ridge" , . Cf. map. nojoliet ,,Microsoft Joliet" , . Cf. map. check={r[elaxed]|s[trict]} check=relaxed, . norock map=normal. ( : check=strict.) uid= gid= , ,,Rock Ridge" . ( : uid=0,gid=0.) map={n[ormal]|o[ff]|a[corn]} -,,Rock Ridge" , , ,,;1", ,,;" ,,.". map=off . norock. ( : map=normal.) map=acorn map=normal ,,Acorn" . mode= -,,Rock Ridge" , . ( : .) 0. unhide . ( , .) block={512|1024|2048} . (: block=1024.) conv= . cruft , . 16 MB. session=x CD-. sbsector=xxx xxx. ,,vfat" ,,Joliet" . iocharset= 16- CD- 8- . iso8859-1. utf8 16- CD- UTF-8. ,,jfs" iocharset= . . iocharset=utf8 UTF8 . CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 .config . resize= . JFS , . , -. resize . nointegrity . . . integrity . . nointegrity . errors={continue|remount-ro|panic} . ( , , .) noquota|quota|usrquota|grpquota . ,,msdos" ,,fat". msdos , . . ,,ncpfs" nfs, ncpfs (struct ncp_mount_data) mount(2) . ncpmount-(8) mount- (2.12) ,,ncpfs"-. ,,ntfs" iocharset= . VFAT-, NTFS . . nls= iocharset. utf8 UTF-8 . uni_xlate={0|1|2} 0 ( ,,no" ,,false"), . 1 ( ,,yes" ,,true") 2, 4- ,,vfat"- ,,:". 2 1 . posix=[0|1] (posix=1), . 8.3 . . uid=, gid= umask= . ,,umask" . , . 3.18 . - . , , , . . . , ,,trusted.*" _ , NFS . . lowerdir upperdir : mount -t overlay overlay \ -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper,workdir=/work /merged lowerdir= , . upperdir= ,,upperdir" . workdir= ,,workdir" ,,upperdir". userxattr ,,user.overlay." ,,xattr" ,,trusted.overlay.". . redirect_dir={on|off|follow|nofollow} redirect_dir , ( ). ,,{trusted|user}.overlay.redirect" . . on . off ,,__" /. follow , . nofollow ( ,,redirect_dir=off" ,,__" ). index={on|off} -. , ,," . -. uuid={on|off} - ,,null"- -. . // , . nfs_export={on|off} NFS ,,nfs_export" , NFS. ,,nfs_export", ,,copy_up" , . . , -. , ,,{trusted|user}.overlay.upper" - . , o - , - o , ,,copy_up" o , - o (. /) o o - ,,{trusted|user}.overlay.origin". , o - . o . o , . o , ESTALE. . o -, ,,dentry" ,,dentry"-, - , . o , ,,dentry", , ,,dentry" . ,,dentry". ,,copy_up" ,,"- . , ,," . ,," , ,," . , ,," . , . . NFS (. ,,redirect_dir=nofollow"). -, ,,subtree_check exportfs" NFS-. NFS , . . : index=off,nfs_export=on - . xino={on|off|auto} ,,xino" ,,st_ino"- ,,fsid" . ,,xino" - ,,fsid", -. - ,,xino" , -,,xino" -. ,,https://docs.kernel.org/filesystems/overlayfs.html" metacopy={on|off} , ,,overlayfs" ( ), ,,chown/chmod". . , . volatile . . ,,volatile" . , e (syncfs fsync) VFS-. , . , , , . ,,volatile", ,,$workdir/work/incompat/volatile". , . . , ,,volatile" . ,,reiserfs" ,,Reiserfs" . conv 3.6 ,,reiserfs" 3.5 , 3.6 . ,,reiserfs" 3.5 . hash={rupasov|tea|r5|detect} ,,reiserfs" . rupasov Yury Yu. Rupasov. , . , . tea Davis-Meyer- Jeremy Fitzhardinge. . , , . EHASHCOLLISION ,,r5" . r5 ,,rupasov" . . detect mount , ,,reiserfs" . . hashed_relocation . . no_unhashed_relocation . . noborder Yury Yu. Rupasov. . nolog . ,,reiserfs"- . , ,,reiserfs" , . nolog . notail , ,,reiserfs" ,, " . lilo(8). . replayonly , . reiserfsck. resize= ,,reiserfs" . ,,reiserfs"- . (LVM). resizer- . user_xattr . attr(1) . acl POSIX . acl(5) . barrier=none / barrier=flush / . barrier=none , barrier=flush (). , ,,reiserfs" , . , , . , . ,,ubifs" UBIFS UBI . atime . ubiX_Y UBI X, Y ubiY UBI 0, Y ubiX: UBI X, ubi: UBI 0, ! :. : bulk_read . VFS . . , . , OneNAND ,,--" NAND . no_bulk_read . . chk_data_crc CRC-32 . . no_chk_data_crc CRC-32 . , CRC-32 , . , . CRC-32 . compr={none|lzo|zlib} . none. ,,udf" ,, " (Universal Disk Format) (OSTA - Optical Storage Technology Association), -, /-9660 . , , . iso9660. uid= . ,,uid=forget" ( ) uid=<> - . , 32- -1 . <> , ,,forget". gid= . ,,gid=forget" ( ) gid=<> - . , 32- -1 . <> , ,,forget". umask= - . . mode= mode= - - . . dmode= dmode= - -. . bs= . 2.6.30 2048. 2.6.30 4.11 2048. 4.11 4096. mkudffs(8) 2.0+ , . unhide . undelete . adinicb -. () noadinicb -. shortad UDF . longad UDF . () nostrict . iocharset= NLS . CONFIG_UDF_NLS. utf8 UTF-8 . novrs . session= -. (= ) anchor= . (= 256) lastblock= . uid=ignore , ,,uid=<>". gid=ignore , ,,uid=<>". volume= . partition= . fileset= . rootdir= . ,,ufs" ufstype= UFS . . , -. - . : old ,,ufs"-, , . ( -r.) 44bsd BSD- system (NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD). ufs2 FreeBSD 5.x -. 5xbsd ,,ufs2". sun SunOS Solaris Sparc-. sunx86 Solaris 86. hp HP-UX, . nextstep NeXTStep ( NeXT ) ( ). nextstep-cd NextStep CDROM- (_ == 2048), . openstep OpenStep- ( ). macOS. onerror= : panic , . [lock|umount|repair] ; . ,,umsdos" ,,msdos". dotsOK umsdos-. ,,vfat" , fat . dotsOK vfat-. , uni_xlate . . , ,,?" . ,,:" ,,vfat" . , ,,u" , : ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12). posix . . nonumtail , name~num.ext. utf8 UTF8 8- . ,,utf8=0", ,,utf8=no" ,,utf8=false". uni_xlate , UTF8 . shortname= 8.3 . , . 4 : lower ; . win95 ; . winnt ; . mixed ; . 2.6.32. ,,usbfs" devuid= devgid= devmode= ,,usbfs" (: uid=gid=0, mode=0644). . busuid= busgid= busmode= ,,usbfs" (: uid=gid=0, mode=0555). . listuid= listgid= listmode= (: uid=gid=0, mode=0444). . ,,DM-VERITY" ,,device-mapper verity"- . mount ,,dm-verity" . ,,libcryptsetup" ,,libmount"- ( dlopen-(3)). ,,libcryptsetup" , . ,,dm-verity" : verity.hashdevice= ,,dm-verity". verity.roothash= verity.hashdevice. verity.roothashfile. verity.roothashfile= verity.hashdevice. verity.roothash. verity.hashoffset= , (: 0) ,,dm-verity" - . verity.fecdevice= (Forward Error Correction - FEC) ,,dm-verity"-. . CONFIG_DM_VERITY_FEC. verity.fecoffset= FEC , (: 0) ,,dm-verity" - FEC . . verity.fecroots= FEC (: 2). . verity.roothashsig= pkcs7(1ssl) . ,,crypt_activate_by_signed_key()" ,,cryptsetup"- CONFIG_DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG. , . . verity.oncorruption=ignore|restart|panic , . / . 4.1 , ,,libcrypsetup" 2.3.4 . . ,,util-linux"- 2.35. : mksquashfs /etc /tmp/etc.raw veritysetup format /tmp/etc.raw /tmp/etc.verity --root-hash-file=/tmp/etc.roothash openssl smime -sign -in /tmp/etc.roothash -nocerts -inkey private.key \ -signer private.crt -noattr -binary -outform der -out /tmp/etc.roothash.p7s mount -o verity.hashdevice=/tmp/etc.verity,verity.roothashfile=/tmp/etc.roothash,\ verity.roothashsig=/tmp/etc.roothash.p7s /tmp/etc.raw /mnt ,,squashfs" /etc , /mnt. ,,roothashsig". . , mount /tmp/disk.img /mnt -t vfat -o loop=/dev/loop3 /dev/loop3 /tmp/disk.img, /mnt. ( ,,-o loop"), mount , mount /tmp/disk.img /mnt -o loop mount ,," ,,libblkid"-, : mount /tmp/disk.img /mnt mount -t ext4 /tmp/disk.img /mnt , loop, offset sizelimit, losetup(8). ( .) 2.6.25 , mount- umount- /etc/mtab. , losetup -d umount -d. ,,util-linux"- 2.29, mount . . mount ( ORed): 0 1 2 ( , , ) 4 mount 8 16 /etc/mtab- 32 64 mount -a 0 ( ), 32 ( ), 64 ( , ). 126 ,,/sbin/mount.<>" ( ,,util-linux v2.41") : sbin/mount. [-sfnv] [-N -] [-o ] [-t .] -sfnvoN . -t ( /sbin/mount.fuse -t fuse.sshfs). mount unbindable, runbindable, private, rprivate, slave, rslave, shared, rshared, auto, noauto, comment, x-*, loop, offset sizelimit ,,mount.<>" . -o. mount-(8). 126 , ,,execl()" . LIBMOUNT_FORCE_MOUNT2={always|never|auto} mount(2) ( API ). auto; , ,,libmount" mount(2) . API , ,,libmount" mount(2), ,,LIBMOUNT_FORCE_MOUNT2" never. LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<> fstab ( ) LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all ,,libmount" LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all ,,libblkid" LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all ,, /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab /proc/mounts". /etc/fstab /run/mount ,,libmount" /etc/mtab /proc/mounts /etc/mtab~ ( mtab ) /etc/mtab.tmp ( mtab ) /etc/filesystems mount 5 AT&T UNIX-. . -o sync -o dirsync (ext2, ext3, ext4, fat vfat (a la BSD) sync). -o remount ( ext2fs- , sb, ,,remount", , gid umask fatfs). /etc/mtab /proc/mounts mtab . mount, (. NFS - mount NFS /proc/mount ). mtab /proc/mounts. NFS (. fcntl ioctl) noac. loop offset sizelimit mount . losetup(8) mount- . mount(2), umount(2), filesystems(5), fstab(5), nfs(5), xfs(5), mount_namespaces(7), xattr(7), e2label(8), findmnt(8), losetup(8), lsblk(8), mke2fs(8), mountd(8), nfsd(8), swapon(8), tune2fs(8), umount(8), xfs_admin(8) , ,,https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues[issue tracker]". mount ,,util-linux" . util-linux 2.41.2 2025-09-22 MOUNT(8)