MAN(1) MAN(1) man - man [man options] [[section] page ...] ... man -k [apropos options] regexp ... man -K [ ] [] ... man -f [whatis ] ... man -l [ ] ... man -w|-W [ ] ... man . man , , . . , man . ( ) . . 1 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( /dev ) 5 : /etc/passwd 6 7 ( ), : man(7), groff(7), man-pages(7) 8 ( ) 9 [] . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . . . [-abc] [ ] , . -a|-b | . ... . [] ... [ ] . . , man , . . . man ls () ls . man man.7 7 man . ("man 7 man" .) man 'man(7)' 7 man . ("man 7 man" . . .) man -a intro . . man -t bash | lpr -Pps troff groff ps (). groff . man --help -t . man -l -Tdvi ./foo.1x.gz > ./foo.1x.dvi ./foo.1x.gz nroff (dvi) . -T stdout . xdvi dvips . man -k printf printf . . apropos printf. man -f smail smail . whatis smail. man . , , , . , man . "catch-all" $MANOPT , ( ) . man $MANOPT . . $MANOPT -D . man $MANOPT "" . /usr/share/man nroff(1) . . manpath(5) . . $LC_MESSAGES, $LANG, POSIX : <>[_<>[.<>[,<>]]] , ( ) . , . , , . . , . $MANSECT /etc/man_db.conf SECTION . : 1 1p n l 8 3 3p 0 0p 2 3type 5 4 9 6 7 pager . ( -P ). . -p $MANROFFSEQ . -p nroff . , '\" <> -p . , . (-t nroff [tg]roff) . , mandb_nfmt ( -t mandb_tfmt ) . , , -T -E . $MANOPT . , . -C , --config-file= ~/.manpath . -d, --debug . -D, --default man's . $MANOPT . -D . --warnings[=] groff . . warnings . "mac". groff "!" . --warnings=mac,!break "mac" , "break" . info groff "Warnings" . -f, --whatis whatis . . whatis(1) . -k, --apropos apropos . . apropos(1) . -K, --global-apropos . - , . . (), --regex . , "\-" . . -l, --local-file "" . . nroff . . '-' , . , man "/" , . -w, --where, --path, --location nroff . -a , . -W, --where-cat, --location-cat . -a , . -w -W . -w, -W, -a , . -c, --catman catman . -R , --recode= , . , manconv(1) . . man-recode(1) , . -L , --locale= man $LC_MESSAGES $LANG C setlocale(3) . man . . . -m [,...], --systems=[,...] . NewOS , -m NewOS . . , man . $SYSTEM . -M , --manpath= . man manpath . $MANPATH , -m . , man-db (" " ) . -l . -S , -s , --sections= , . $MANSECT . (-s System V .) -e , --extension= Tcl . exit(3) , Tcl l . , , exit(3tcl) "" . man exit(3tcl) exit(3) . , man . , man -e tcl *tcl . -i, --ignore-case . . -I, --match-case . --regex apropos(1) , . "" -a . --wildcard apropos(1) --wildcard , . , . "" -a . --names-only --regex --wildcard , whatis(1) . , . -a, --all man . man . -u, --update man . , mandb(8) . --no-subpages man . , . : $ man -aw git diff /usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz --no-subpages . $ man -aw --no-subpages git diff /usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz /usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz /usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz -P , --pager= . man less , cat . $PAGER $MANPAGER . -f -k . , (, , ) . . , . -r , --prompt= less , man . () x , , x . $LESS . -r . "(" ")" $MAN_PN . \ \ \ \$MAN_PN\ ?ltline\ %lt?L/%L.: byte\ %bB?s/%s..?\ (END):?pB\ %pB\\%.. ( h , q ) . less(1) . . , , . less $ . man -ix8 . $MANLESS . -7, --ascii ascii(7) 7 latin1(7) GNU nroff . ascii latin1 ascii . latin1 . . GNU nroff latin1(7) . 8 latin1 ascii -------------------------------------------- 255 - - ( ) 267 o o 264 ' ' 327 x x utf8 utf8 . utf8 , man utf8 . utf8 , . -t, -H, -T, -Z , GNU nroff . -E , --encoding= . , UTF-8 , ascii, latin1, utf8 nroff . --no-hyphenation, --nh , nroff , . ( ) . nroff , nroff . , "\%" , "\%" . --no-justification, --nj , nroff . , , " ( )" . nroff , , nroff . ".na", ".nf", ".fi", ".ad" . -p , --preprocessor= nroff, troff, groff . . , eqn (e), grap (g), pic (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r) . $MANROFFSEQ . zsoelim . -t, --troff groff -mandoc . -H, -T, -Z . -T[], --troff-device[=] groff( troff) . -t . dvi, latin1, pdf, ps, utf8, X75, X100 (groff 1.23.0 ) . -H[], --html[=] groff HTML . $BROWSER , , ( lynx) . -t , GNU troff . -X[dpi], --gxditview[=dpi] gxditview groff . dpi( ) 75, 75-12, 100, 100-12 , 75. -12 12- . X75, X75-12, X100, X100-12 -T . -Z, --ditroff groff troff . groff -mandoc() groff, groff . -t . -?, --help . --usage . -V, --version . 0 . 1 , , . 2 . 3 0 . 16 // . MANPATH $MANPATH , . manpath(5) . MANROFFOPT man (nroff, troff, groff), $MANROFFOPT . , MANROFFOPT=-P-i ( ) . MANROFFSEQ $MANROFFSEQ , . . MANSECT $MANSECT , , . /etc/man_db.conf SECTION , "1 1p n l 8 3 3p 0 0p 2 3type 5 4 9 6 7". MANPAGER, PAGER $MANPAGER $PAGER ($MANPAGER ), . , less() , less() , cat() . , (, , ) . . , . MANLESS $MANLESS , -r less ( $MAN_PN ). , " " , $MANLESS `-Ps ' . -r . BROWSER $BROWSER , , man --html . , %s() groff HTML , %% (%), %c (:) . SYSTEM $SYSTEM , -m . MANOPT $MANOPT , man , . man , $MANOPT . . MANWIDTH $MANWIDTH , . , ($COLUMNS ioctl(2) 80 ) . , 66 80 . MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING , ( ) , . , $MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING , . man . MAN_KEEP_STDERR , ( ) , . groff . , $MAN_KEEP_STDERR , . MAN_DISABLE_SECCOMP , man seccomp(2) . . $MAN_DISABLE_SECCOMP . PIPELINE_DEBUG $PIPELINE_DEBUG "1" , man . LANG, LC_MESSAGES $LANG $LC_MESSAGES . man ( ) . setlocale(3) . /etc/man_db.conf man-db . /usr/share/man . POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, POSIX.1-2017. apropos(1), groff(1), less(1), manpath(1), nroff(1), troff(1), whatis(1), zsoelim(1), manpath(5), man(7), catman(8), mandb(8) info(1) HTML . 1990, 1991 - John W. Eaton (jwe@che.utexas.edu) . 1992 12 23: Willem Kasdorp (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl) Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) . 1994 4 30 - 2000 2 23: Wilf. (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) . 1996 10 30 - 2001 3 30: Fabrizio Polacco . 2001 3 31 - : Colin Watson man-db . https://gitlab.com/man-db/man-db/-/issues https://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=man-db 2.12.1 2024-04-05 MAN(1)