LS(1)                         Cac cau l<?>nh                             LS(1)

TEN
       ls - list directory contents

TOM T<?>T
       ls [TUY_CH<?>N]<?> [T<?>P_TIN]<?>

MO T<?>
       Li<?>t ke thong tin v<?> cac T<?>P-TIN (thu m<?>c hi<?>n th<?>i theo
       m<?>c d<?>nh). S<?>p x<?>p cac m<?>c theo b<?>ng ch<?> cai n<?>u khong
       co -cftuvSUX cung khong --sort.

       Tuy ch<?>n dai yeu c<?>u d<?>i s<?> thi tuy ch<?>n ng<?>n cung v<?>y.

       -a, --all
              d<?>ng b<?> qua m<?>c b<?>t d<?>u v<?>i "."

       -A, --almost-all
              d<?>ng li<?>t ke "." va ".." theo ng<?>m d<?>nh

       --author
              v<?>i -l thi in ra tac gi<?> c<?>a m<?>i t<?>p tin

       -b, --escape
              in ra thoat chu<?>i ki<?>u-C cho ky t<?> khong th<?> hi<?>n
              th<?>

       --block-size=C<?>
              v<?>i -l, c<?> t<?> le c<?> tho C<?> khi in chung; vi d<?>:
              --block-size=M; xem d<?>nh d<?>ng C<?> ben du<?>i

       -B, --ignore-backups
              khong li<?>t ke cac m<?>c co duoi "~" mhu ng<?>m d<?>nh

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last change of file
              status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
              otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

       -C     li<?>t ke cac m<?>c theo c<?>t

       --color[=KHI]
              color the output WHEN; more info below

       -d, --directory
              li<?>t ke b<?>n than thu m<?>c thay vi n<?>i dung c<?>a chung

       -D, --dired
              t<?>o k<?>t xu<?>t thich h<?>p v<?>i ch<?> d<?> dired c<?>a
              "Emacs"

       -f     list all entries in directory order

       -F, --classify[=KHI]
              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries WHEN

       --file-type
              cung v<?>y, nhung khong n<?>i them "*"

       --format=T<?>
              across -x (ngang qua), commas -m (d<?>u ph<?>y), horizontal -x
              (n<?>m ngang), long -l (dai), single-column -1 (c<?>t don),
              verbose -l (xu<?>t chi ti<?>t), vertical -C (th<?>ng d<?>ng)

       --full-time
              gi<?>ng -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     gi<?>ng -l, nhung khong li<?>t ke ngu<?>i s<?> h<?>u

       --group-directories-first
              group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort
              option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

       -G, --no-group
              <?> danh sach dai, d<?>ng in cac ten nhom

       -h, --human-readable
              v<?>i -l, va -s, in kich c<?> <?> d<?>ng 1K 234M 2G v.v..

       --si   gi<?>ng tren, nhung dung h<?> s<?> mu 1000, khong ph<?>i 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
              di theo lien k<?>t m<?>m li<?>t ke tren dong l<?>nh

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
              follow each command line symbolic link that points to a
              directory

       --hide=M<?>U
              khong li<?>t ke nh<?>ng m<?>c tuong <?>ng v<?>i M<?>U c<?>a
              shell (b<?> ghi de b<?>i -a ho<?>c -A)

       --hyperlink[=KHI]
              hyperlink file names WHEN

       --indicator-style=T<?>
              n<?>i them vao ten m<?>c ch<?> th<?> v<?>i d<?>ng T<?>: none
              (khong co, m<?>c d<?>nh), slash (d<?>u g<?>ch cheo, -p),
              file-type (ki<?>u t<?>p tin, --file-type), classify (phan
              lo<?>i, -F)

       -i, --inode
              in ra s<?> ch<?> m<?>c c<?>a m<?>i t<?>p tin

       -I, --ignore=M<?>U
              khong li<?>t ke cac m<?>c tuong <?>ng v<?>i M<?>U c<?>a h<?>
              v<?>

       -k, --kibibytes
              default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only
              with -s and per directory totals

       -l     dung d<?>ng danh sach dai

       -L, --dereference
              khi hi<?>n th<?> thong tin cho m<?>t lien k<?>t m<?>m, hi<?>n
              th<?> thong tin cho t<?>p tin ma lien k<?>t ch<?> d<?>n thay cho
              b<?>n than lien k<?>t

       -m     li<?>t ke li<?>n nhau cac m<?>c, cach nhau b<?>i d<?>u ph<?>y

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              gi<?>ng -l, nhung li<?>t ke UID va GID d<?>ng s<?>

       -N, --literal
              in ra ten tho c<?>a cac m<?>c khong trich d<?>n

       -o     gi<?>ng -l, nhung khong li<?>t ke thong tin v<?> nhom

       -p, --indicator-style=slash
              n<?>i them vao thu m<?>c ch<?> th<?> "/"

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              in d<?>u "?" thay cho cac ky t<?> khong d<?> h<?>a

       --show-control-chars
              hi<?>n th<?> cac ky t<?> khong ph<?>i d<?> h<?>a nhu chung co
              (m<?>c d<?>nh, tr<?> khi chuong trinh la ls va d<?>u ra la
              thi<?>t b<?> cu<?>i)

       -Q, --quote-name
              d<?>t ten cac m<?>c trong ngo<?>c kep

       --quoting-style=T<?>
              dung d<?>ng trich d<?>n T<?> cho ten cac m<?>c: literal (van
              chuong), locale (mi<?>n d<?>a phuong), shell (h<?> v<?>),
              shell-always (luon luon h<?> v<?>), c, escape (thoat), (de len
              cac bi<?>n moi tru<?>ng QUOTING_STYLE)

       -r, --reverse
              d<?>o ngu<?>c th<?> t<?> khi s<?>p x<?>p

       -R, --recursive
              li<?>t ke d<?> quy cac thu m<?>c con

       -s, --size
              in kich c<?> da c<?>p phat c<?>a m<?>i t<?>p tin, theo kh<?>i

       -S     s<?>p x<?>p theo kich c<?> t<?>p tin

       --sort=T<?>
              sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t),
              version (-v), extension (-X), width

       --time=T<?>
              select which timestamp used to display or sort; access time
              (-u): atime, access, use; metadata change time (-c): ctime,
              status; modified time (default): mtime, modification; birth
              time: birth, creation;

              with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time,
              sort by WORD (newest first)

       --time-style=TIME_STYLE
              d<?>nh d<?>ng ngay/thang v<?>i -l; xem TIME_STYLE <?> phia
              du<?>i

       -t     sort by time, newest first; see --time

       -T, --tabsize=C<?>T
              gi<?> d<?>nh chi<?>u dai tab la C<?>T thay cho 8

       -u     v<?>i -lt: s<?>p x<?>p theo, va hi<?>n th<?> th<?>i gian truy
              c<?>p; v<?>i -l: hi<?>n th<?> th<?>i gian truy c<?>p va s<?>p
              x<?>p theo ten; n<?>u khong: s<?>p x<?>p theo th<?>i gian truy
              c<?>p, m<?>i tru<?>c

       -U     khong s<?>p x<?>p; li<?>t ke cac m<?>c theo th<?> t<?> c<?>a thu
              m<?>c

       -v     s<?>p x<?>p cac s<?> th<?> t<?> (phien b<?>n) m<?>t cach t<?>
              nhien ben trong van b<?>n

       -w, --width=C<?>T
              coi chi<?>u r<?>ng man hinh la C<?>T. 0 la khong gi<?>i h<?>n

       -x     li<?>t ke cac m<?>c theo dong thay vi theo c<?>t

       -X     s<?>p x<?>p ph<?>n m<?> r<?>ng cac m<?>c theo b<?>ng ch<?> cai

       -Z, --context
              in b<?>t k<?> ng<?> c<?>nh b<?>o m<?>t nao c<?>a m<?>i t<?>p tin

       --zero k<?>t thuc dong b<?>ng NUL thay vi ki t<?> dong m<?>i

       -1     li<?>t ke m<?>t t<?>p tin tren m<?>i dong.

       --help hi<?>n th<?> tr<?> giup nay r<?>i thoat

       --version
              dua ra thong tin phien b<?>n r<?>i thoat

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
       10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,...
       (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and
       so on.

       The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or
       +FORMAT.  FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).  If FORMAT is
       FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and
       FORMAT2 to recent files.  TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes
       effect only outside the POSIX locale.  Also the TIME_STYLE environment
       variable sets the default style to use.

       The WHEN argument defaults to 'always' and can also be 'auto' or
       'never'.

       Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
       with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
       standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment
       variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors(1) command to set
       it.

   Tr<?>ng thai thoat:
       0      n<?>u <?>n,

       1      n<?>u g<?>p l<?>i nh<?> (v.d. khong th<?> truy c<?>p d<?>n thu
              m<?>c con),

       2      n<?>u g<?>p l<?>i nghiem tr<?>ng (v.d. khong th<?> truy c<?>p
              d<?>n d<?>i s<?> dong l<?>nh)

TAC GI<?>
       Vi<?>t b<?>i Richard M. Stallman va David MacKenzie.

THONG BAO L<?>I
       Tr<?> giup tr<?>c tuy<?>n GNU coreutils:
       <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

B<?>N QUY<?>N
       Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  Gi<?>y phep GPL pb3+
       : Gi<?>y phep Cong c<?>ng GNU phien b<?>n 3 hay sau
       <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       Day la ph<?>n m<?>m t<?> do: b<?>n co quy<?>n s<?>a d<?>i va phat hanh
       l<?>i no. KHONG CO B<?>O HANH GI C<?>, v<?>i di<?>u khi<?>n du<?>c phap
       lu<?>t cho phep.

XEM THEM
       dircolors(1)

       Tai li<?>u d<?>y d<?> co t<?>i:
       <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>
       ho<?>c s<?>n co n<?>i b<?> thong qua: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'

D<?>CH
       B<?>n d<?>ch ti<?>ng Vi<?>t c<?>a trang hu<?>ng d<?>n nay do

       th<?>c hi<?>n.

       B<?>n d<?>ch nay la Tai li<?>u Mi<?>n phi; d<?>c Gi<?>y phep Cong
       c<?>ng GNU Phien b<?>n 3 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>
       ho<?>c m<?>i hon d<?> bi<?>t cac di<?>u kho<?>n b<?>n quy<?>n.  Chung
       toi cho r<?>ng KHONG CO TRACH NHI<?>M PHAP LY.

       N<?>u b<?>n tim th<?>y m<?>t s<?> sai sot trong b<?>n d<?>ch c<?>a
       trang hu<?>ng d<?>n nay, vui long g<?>i thu d<?>n TODO <>.

GNU coreutils 9.4             Thang 1 nam 2024                           LS(1)