LOGIN(1) >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> LOGIN(1)
>>>>>
login - >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>
login [-p] [-h >>>>>] [-H] [-f
>>>>>>>>>>|>>>>>>>>>>]
>>>>
login >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>,
login >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>
>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>. >>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>> >>'>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>. LOGIN_RETRIES >
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>, >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>
> >>>>> >>>>>>, >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>>, >>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>> > passwd(1), >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>> > >>>>> /etc/passwd.
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>. >
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>. >> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>, >>>>>> > >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>> $HOME, $USER, $SHELL, $PATH,
$LOGNAME > $MAIL >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> $PATH > /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin >>>
root, >>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> $TERM >>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>> >>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> tty. >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> -p.
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>, >>>
>>>>>>>>> PAM, >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>. >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>> > /etc/passwd,
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> /bin/sh. >>>>
> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>. >>>> > /etc/passwd >>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>,
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> / >
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> .hushlogin,
>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>>.
>>>> >>>>> >>>> .hushlogin, >>>>
>>>>>>>> <<>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>> >>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>.
>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>, >>>>
>>>>> /var/log/lastlog, >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>, >
>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>
-p
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> getty(8) >>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> login >>> >>, >>
>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>. >>>. >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST.
-f
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>,
>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>.
>>> >>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>>>> getty(8) >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>.
-h
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> (>>>>>>> telnetd(8)) >>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> login,
>>> >> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>> > utmp > wtmp. >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>>> -h
>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>
PAM. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> > login, >>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> -h,
>>>>>> >>>> remote. >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> PAM
(>>>>>>>>>, /etc/pam.d/login >
/etc/pam.d/remote).
-H
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> (>>>>>>>>>, telnetd(8))
>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> login >>>
>>, >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> > >>>>>> login: >>>>
>>>>>>>>>. >>>. >>>>>,
LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT >>>>>.
-h, --help
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
-V, --version
>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
login >>>>> >>>> > >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> /etc/logindefs (>>>
login.defs(5)). >>>>>>>>, >> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
(>>>>>>>>, shadow-utils). >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> login:
MOTD_FILE (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> <<:>> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> <<>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>, >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >
>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>>
.motd > >>>>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. >>>>
>>>>> MOTD_FILE > >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>, >>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>
>>>> >>>>>>>>. >>>>>>>>,
>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
PAM pam_motd(8).
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
MOTD_FILE >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> 2.36.
>>>>>>>>, >> > login >>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>> pam_motd (>>>. >>>>>
MOTD_FIRSTONLY), >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>> >>>> > >>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> /run/motd.d, >
>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>.
MOTD_FIRSTONLY (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>> MOTD_FILE >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>> > >>>>>
>>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> login >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >> pam_motd.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST (>>>>>)
Forces login to protect the specified environment variables if -p
is not used. The string value is a comma-separated list of variable
names. For example: "LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". The safelist is
ignored for the environment variables HOME, SHELL and USER.
LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>> login, >>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> login:. >>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> -H.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
LOGIN_TIMEOUT (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >
>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>
>>>>>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > 60.
LOGIN_RETRIES (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > 3.
LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>, >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
FAIL_DELAY (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>> 5.
TTYPERM (>>>>>)
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > 0600
>>> 0620, >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> tty. >>>. >>>>> mesg(1).
TTYGROUP (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>> TTYGROUP.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > tty.
>>>> >>>>>>> TTYGROUP >> >>>>>,
>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> TTYGROUP >>>> >>>>
>>> >>>>> >>>>>, >>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>. >>>. >>>>> mesg(1).
HUSHLOGIN_FILE (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>> >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> (>>>>>>>>>, /etc/hushlogins),
>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>, >>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>. >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>, >>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> /etc/hushlogins, > >>>>
>>>> >> >>>>>, ~/.hushlogin.
>>>> >>>>> HUSHLOGIN_FILE >
>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>.
DEFAULT_HOME (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>, >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> yes, >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (/), >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>. >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>> yes.
LASTLOG_UID_MAX (>>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
lastlog. >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>
>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> lastlog >>> >>>. >>>> >
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> LASTLOG_UID_MAX,
>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>
lastlog >> >>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > ULONG_MAX.
LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no.
>>>>>>>>>>: >>>>>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>.
ENV_PATH (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> PATH >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
ENV_ROOTPATH (>>>>>), ENV_SUPATH (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> PATH >>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> >>> ENV_ROOTPATH.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin.
>>>>>
/var/run/utmp, /var/log/wtmp, /var/log/lastlog, /var/spool/mail/*,
/etc/motd, /etc/passwd, /etc/nologin, /etc/pam.d/login,
/etc/pam.d/remote, /etc/hushlogins, $HOME/.hushlogin
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
> login >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> systemd (>>>.
). login >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> systemd:
login.noauth (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>> login >>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>> -f.
>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> BSD -r >>
>>>>>>>>>>>. >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> rlogind(8).
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>, >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> > >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>, >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>;
>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> > su(1).
>>>>>>>, > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>, login >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> vhangup(2) >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>->>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>. >>> >>>>>>>>,
>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> login vhangup(2) >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>>
>>> >> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> exec login >
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>> xterm.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>> BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89),
>>>>>>> >>>> > Michael Glad ,
>>> HP-UX. >>>>>>>>> >> Linux 0.12: Peter
Orbaek . >>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>> PAM, Karel Zak .
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
mail(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), utmp(5), environ(7), getty(8), init(8),
lastlog(8), shutdown(8)
>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> login > >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> util-linux, >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> > >>>>>> >>>> Linux
.
util-linux 2.41.3 2025-12-15 LOGIN(1)