LOGIN(1) LOGIN(1) login - login [-p] [-h ] [-H] [-f |] login . , login ' . , , , . , . . login ' . . LOGIN_RETRIES . , , . , . , passwd(1), . /etc/passwd. , . . , . $HOME, $USER, $SHELL, $PATH, $LOGNAME $MAIL . $PATH /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin root, . $TERM , . , tty. , -p. , PAM, . . /etc/passwd, /bin/sh. , , . /etc/passwd , / .hushlogin, . .hushlogin, <<>> . . , /var/log/lastlog, , . -p getty(8) login , . . LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST. -f , . , , getty(8) . -h ( telnetd(8)) login, utmp wtmp. . , -h PAM. login, -h, remote. PAM (, /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/remote). -H (, telnetd(8)) login , login: . . , LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT . -h, --help . -V, --version . login /etc/logindefs ( login.defs(5)). , (, shadow-utils). login: MOTD_FILE () <<:>> << >>, . , .motd . /usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. MOTD_FILE , . , PAM pam_motd(8). MOTD_FILE 2.36. , login , pam_motd (. MOTD_FIRSTONLY), . /run/motd.d, . MOTD_FIRSTONLY ( ) login , MOTD_FILE . , . login pam_motd. no (<<>>). LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST () Forces login to protect the specified environment variables if -p is not used. The string value is a comma-separated list of variable names. For example: "LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". The safelist is ignored for the environment variables HOME, SHELL and USER. LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT ( ) login, login:. -H. no (<<>>). LOGIN_TIMEOUT () . 60. LOGIN_RETRIES () . 3. LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME ( ) login , , ' . no (<<>>). FAIL_DELAY () , . 5. TTYPERM () . 0600 0620, tty. . mesg(1). TTYGROUP () TTYGROUP. tty. TTYGROUP , . TTYGROUP , . . mesg(1). HUSHLOGIN_FILE () , . (, /etc/hushlogins), , ' . , . , , . /etc/hushlogins, , ~/.hushlogin. HUSHLOGIN_FILE , . DEFAULT_HOME ( ) , , . yes, (/), . yes. LASTLOG_UID_MAX ( ) , lastlog. , lastlog . LASTLOG_UID_MAX, lastlog . ULONG_MAX. LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB ( ) , . no. : : . ENV_PATH () , PATH . /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin ENV_ROOTPATH (), ENV_SUPATH () , PATH . ENV_ROOTPATH. /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin. /var/run/utmp, /var/log/wtmp, /var/log/lastlog, /var/spool/mail/*, /etc/motd, /etc/passwd, /etc/nologin, /etc/pam.d/login, /etc/pam.d/remote, /etc/hushlogins, $HOME/.hushlogin login systemd (. ). login systemd: login.noauth ( ) , login , -f. BSD -r . rlogind(8). , , ; su(1). , , login vhangup(2) - . , . login vhangup(2) , . exec login xterm. BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89), Michael Glad , HP-UX. Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek . , PAM, Karel Zak . mail(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), utmp(5), environ(7), getty(8), init(8), lastlog(8), shutdown(8) login util-linux, Linux . util-linux 2.41.3 2025-12-15 LOGIN(1)