LOGIN(1) LOGIN(1) login - login [-p] [-h ] [-H] [-f -|-] login . , login . , . . login . LOGIN_RETRIES . , . . passwd(1) . /etc/passwd. . . . $HOME, $USER, $SHELL, $PATH, $LOGNAME $MAIL . $PATH /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin , . $TERM , , . -p. ,,PAM" . . /etc/passwd, /bin/sh. , . /etc/passwd, /, .hushlogin . .hushlogin , ,," . . , /var/log/lastlog , , . -p getty(8) login- . LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST . -f . getty(8) . -h ( telnetd(8) login ,,utmp" ,,wtmp". . -h PAM . , -h, . ( , /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/remote). -H ( , telnetd(8)) login- ,,:". LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT. -h, --help . -V, --version . login /etc/login.defs ( login.defs(5)). ( ,,shadow-utils"). login: MOTD_FILE () ,,:" ,, " . , ,,.motd" . /usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. MOTD_FILE , . pam_motd(8). MOTD_FILE- 2.36. login ,,pam_motd" ( MOTD_FIRSTONLY), . /run/motd.d . MOTD_FIRSTONLY () login MOTD_FILE . . login ,,pam_motd"-. no (). LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST () login -p . . : ,,LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". ,,HOME", ,,SHELL" ,,USER". LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT () login- ,,:". -H . no (). LOGIN_TIMEOUT () . 60. LOGIN_RETRIES () . 3. LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME () login- , . no. FAIL_DELAY () . 5. TTYPERM () . 0600 0620 . mesg(1). TTYGROUP () TTYGROUP. tty. TTYGROUP , . TTYGROUP . mesg(1). HUSHLOGIN_FILE () , . ( , /etc/hushlogins), . , . , . /etc/hushlogins ~/.hushlogin. HUSHLOGIN_FILE , . DEFAULT_HOME () . yes (), (/) . yes (). LASTLOG_UID_MAX ( ) - lastlog . - lastlog . ,,LASTLOG_UID_MAX" - lastlog . ULONG_MAX. LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB () . no. . ENV_PATH () , . /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin. ENV_ROOTPATH (), ENV_SUPATH () , . ENV_ROOTPATH . /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin. /var/run/utmp, /var/log/wtmp, /var/log/lastlog, /var/spool/mail/*, /etc/motd, /etc/passwd, /etc/nologin, /etc/pam.d/login, /etc/pam.d/remote, /etc/hushlogins, $HOME/.hushlogin login systemd- ( ,,https://systemd.io/CREDENTIALS/"). login systemd-: login.noauth (boolean) , login , -f. -r . rlogind(8) . , , ; su(1) . , , login vhangup(2) . . login, vhangup(2) . exec login ,,xterm"-. BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) Michael Glad HP-UX. 0.12: Peter Orbaek . ,,PAM" Karel Zak mail(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), utmp(5), environ(7), getty(8), init(8), lastlog(8), shutdown(8) , ,,https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues[issue tracker]". login ,,util-linux" . util-linux 2.41.2 2025-09-22 LOGIN(1)