LOGIN(1) >>>>> >>>>>>>> LOGIN(1)
>>>>>
login - >>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>
login [-p] [-s shell] [-h host] [-H] [[-f] username|UID]
>>>>>
>>>>>>> login >>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>. >>> >> >>>>> >>
>>>>> >>>> login >> >>>
>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>> >>>
>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>. >>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >> >>>> login
>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>. >>>>
LOGIN_RETRIES >> >>> CONFIG FILE ITEMS.
>>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>>
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>> >>> passwd(1) >>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>> >>> /etc/passwd. >>>> >>>>>>>
>>>> >>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>> >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>> >>
>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >> >>>>
>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>. >>>>>
>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >> $HOME >
$USER > $SHELL > $PATH > $LOGNAME > $MAIL >>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>. >>>> >>>> $PATH >>>
{default} >> /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
>>>>> (root)> >>> >> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>.
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>
$TERM >>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>> >>>>>>> >>> tty >>>>> >>.
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> $COLORTERM > $NO_COLOR >>> >>>>
>>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>-p> >> >>> >>> LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST
>>>>>> >> /etc/login.defs (>>>>
>>>>>).
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> PAM.
>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>. >>> >> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >-s> >> >>
/etc/passwd> >>>>>>> /bin/sh. >>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>. >>> >> >>>
>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>
/etc/passwd> >>>>>>> /> >>>>>>>
>>>> .hushlogin >>> >> >>>> >>>>>.
>>> >>>> >>>>> .hushlogin> >>>>>>
>>>> ">>>>". >>>> >>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>. >>>>> >>>>
>>> >>>> /var/log/lastlog> >>>>> >>>
>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>
-p
>>>>>>> getty(8) >>>>>> login
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST.
-f
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >> getty(8).
-h
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
(>>> telnetd(8)) >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> login >>>>
>>>> >>>> >> utmp > wtmp. >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>.
>>>> >> >>>>>> -h >> >>>>>
>>> >>> >>>> PAM. >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> >> login> >>>> >>
>>>>>> -h> >>>> >>>>> remote.
>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>> PAM >>>>>> (>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/remote).
-H
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
(>>> >>>> >>>>>>> telnetd(8))
>>>>>> login >>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>> >>>>>> >> >>> >>> login:.
>>>> >>>>> LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT >>>>>.
-s> --shell >>>>>>
>>> >>>>> >>> >>> >>>>>>>
>> /etc/passwd> >>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>.
-h> --help
>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>.
-V> --version
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>.
>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>> login >>> >>>>> /etc/login.defs
(>>>> login.defs(5)). >>>> >> >>>
>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>
(>>>> shadow-utils). >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>> >>> >> login:
MOTD_FILE (string)
>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> ":"
>>>>>> >>>>> ">>>>>
>>>>>" >>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>. >>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> .motd >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >> >>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>
/usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. >>> >>>
>>>> MOTD_FILE >>>>>> >> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>.
>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> PAM
>>>>>>> pam_motd(8).
>>>>>> >> MOTD_FILE >>>>> >>>
>>>>>>> 2.36.
>>>> >> login >> >>>> >> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>
pam_motd (>>>> >>>>> MOTD_FIRSTONLY)> >>
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>>>>. >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> /run/motd.d
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>.
MOTD_FIRSTONLY (boolean)
>>>> login >>> >>>>>> >> >>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>
MOTD_FILE >>> >>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>
>>>>>>. >>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>> login >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >> pam_motd. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> no.
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST (string)
>>>> login >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> -p. >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>> >>>> >>>>>>:
"LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> HOME > SHELL > USER.
LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT (boolean)
>>>>> login >>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>> >>>>>> >> >>> >>> login:.
>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>>>>> -H. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> no.
LOGIN_TIMEOUT (number)
>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> 60.
LOGIN_RETRIES (number)
>>>> >>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>
>>>> >>> >>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> 3.
LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME (>>>>>)
>>>>> login >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>> >>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >> >>> >>>
>>>>>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> no.
FAIL_DELAY (number)
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>> >>> >>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> 5.
TTYPERM (string)
>>>>>> >>>>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> 0600 >> 0620 >>>
>>>>> >>>>>> tty. >>>>
>>>>> mesg(1).
TTYGROUP (string)
>>>>> >>>>> >>>> tty >>>>>
>> TTYGROUP. >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>
tty. >>> >> >>> TTYGROUP >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >> >>>> TTYGROUP >>> >>>
>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>. >>>> >>>>> mesg(1).
HUSHLOGIN_FILE (string)
>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>
>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>
>>>> >>>> >>>> (>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> /etc/hushlogins)> >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>. >>>
>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>.
>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >> >>> /etc/hushlogins >>>>
>> >>> >>>>>>> >>>>>
~/.hushlogin.
>>> >>> >>>> HUSHLOGIN_FILE
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>.
DEFAULT_HOME (boolean)
>>>>>>> >>> >> >>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>
>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>> >>>
yes> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>> >>>>> (/) >>> >> >>>
>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>> >>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> yes.
LASTLOG_UID_MAX (>>> >>> >>>>)
>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>>>>> lastlog >>. >>> >>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>> >>> lastlog >>>
>>>>>> >>>. >>> >>>> >>>>
LASTLOG_UID_MAX >> >>>>> >>>> >>>
>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> lastlog. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> ULONG_MAX.
LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB (>>>>>)
>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>
>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>> {default} >> no.
>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>.
ENV_PATH (string)
>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> PATH
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>. >>>>>> >>> {default} >>
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin.
ENV_ROOTPATH (string), ENV_SUPATH (>>>>> >>>>>)
>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> PATH
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
ENV_ROOTPATH >> >>>>>>>>. >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin.
LOGIN_SHELL_FALLBACK (>>>>>)
>>> >>>> >>> yes> >>>>>
>>>>>> login >>>> >>>>> >>
/etc/shells >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> >> /etc/passwd >>> >>>>>
>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>> >>
>>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>> >> >>>>
>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>
>>> >>>> >>>>>.
>>>>>>>
/var/run/utmp> > /var/log/wtmp> > /var/log/lastlog> >
/var/spool/mail/*> > /etc/motd> > /etc/passwd> >
/etc/nologin> > /etc/pam.d/login> > /etc/pam.d/remote> >
/etc/hushlogins> > $HOME/.hushlogin
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>> login >>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> systemd (>>>>
). >>>> login
>>>>>> >>>>>> systemd >>>>>>>:
login.noauth (>>>>>)
>>> >>>>> >>>>>> login >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>>> -f.
>>>>>
>>>> BSD -r >>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>. >> >>>> >>> >>>>>>>
>> >>> >>> >>>>> rlogind(8).
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>> >>>>> >>>>> su(1)
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> login
>>>>>>> >>>> vhangup(2) >>>>>> >>
>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>
tty. >>>> >>> >>> >>>> >> >>>>
>>>>. >>> >>>>>>> >>>>> login>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> vhangup(2) >>>>> >> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>> tty. >>>>
>>>> >>> >>>>>>>> exec login >>
>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> xterm.
>>>>>>>>
>>>> >> BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) >>>>>> Michael
Glad >> HP-UX. >>>> >>>
>>>>> 0.12 >>>>>>: Peter Orbaek
. >>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> PAM >>> >>>>>> Karel Zak
>>>> >>>>>
mail(1)> > passwd(1)> > passwd(5)> > utmp(5)> >
environ(7)> > getty(8)> > init(8)> > lastlog(8)> >
shutdown(8)
>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
.
>>>>>>
>>>>> login >>> >> >>>> util-linux
>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>
.
util-linux 2.42.1 2026-05-18 LOGIN(1)