LOGIN(1) LOGIN(1) login - login [-p] [-s shell] [-h host] [-H] [[-f] username|UID] login . login . . . login . LOGIN_RETRIES CONFIG FILE ITEMS. . . passwd(1) . /etc/passwd. . . $HOME $USER $SHELL $PATH $LOGNAME $MAIL . $PATH {default} /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin (root) . $TERM tty . $COLORTERM $NO_COLOR . -p LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST /etc/login.defs ( ). PAM. . -s /etc/passwd /bin/sh. . /etc/passwd / .hushlogin . .hushlogin "". . /var/log/lastlog . -p getty(8) login . LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST. -f . getty(8). -h ( telnetd(8)) login utmp wtmp. . -h PAM. login -h remote. PAM ( /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/remote). -H ( telnetd(8)) login login:. LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT . -s --shell /etc/passwd . -h --help . -V --version . login /etc/login.defs ( login.defs(5)). ( shadow-utils). login: MOTD_FILE (string) ":" " " . .motd . /usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. MOTD_FILE . PAM pam_motd(8). MOTD_FILE 2.36. login pam_motd ( MOTD_FIRSTONLY) . /run/motd.d . MOTD_FIRSTONLY (boolean) login MOTD_FILE . . login pam_motd. no. LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST (string) login -p. . : "LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". HOME SHELL USER. LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT (boolean) login login:. -H. no. LOGIN_TIMEOUT (number) . 60. LOGIN_RETRIES (number) . 3. LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME () login . no. FAIL_DELAY (number) . 5. TTYPERM (string) . 0600 0620 tty. mesg(1). TTYGROUP (string) tty TTYGROUP. tty. TTYGROUP . TTYGROUP . mesg(1). HUSHLOGIN_FILE (string) . ( /etc/hushlogins) . . . /etc/hushlogins ~/.hushlogin. HUSHLOGIN_FILE . DEFAULT_HOME (boolean) . yes (/) . yes. LASTLOG_UID_MAX ( ) lastlog . lastlog . LASTLOG_UID_MAX lastlog. ULONG_MAX. LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB () . {default} no. . ENV_PATH (string) PATH . {default} /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin. ENV_ROOTPATH (string), ENV_SUPATH ( ) PATH . ENV_ROOTPATH . /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin. LOGIN_SHELL_FALLBACK () yes login /etc/shells /etc/passwd . . . /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp /var/log/lastlog /var/spool/mail/* /etc/motd /etc/passwd /etc/nologin /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/remote /etc/hushlogins $HOME/.hushlogin login systemd ( ). login systemd : login.noauth () login -f. BSD -r . rlogind(8). su(1) . login vhangup(2) tty. . login vhangup(2) tty. exec login xterm. BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) Michael Glad HP-UX. 0.12 : Peter Orbaek . PAM Karel Zak mail(1) passwd(1) passwd(5) utmp(5) environ(7) getty(8) init(8) lastlog(8) shutdown(8) . login util-linux . util-linux 2.42.1 2026-05-18 LOGIN(1)