ld(1) GNU Development Tools ld(1) NAME ld - GNU linker () (SYNOPSIS) ld [-o output] objfile... [-Aarchitecture] [-b input-format] [-Bstatic] [-Bdynamic] [-Bsymbolic] [-c commandfile] [--cref] [-d|-dc|-dp] [-defsym symbol = expression] [--demangle] [--no-demangle] [-e entry] [-embedded-relocs] [-E] [-export-dynamic] [-f name] [--auxiliary name] [-F name] [--filter name] [-format input-format] [-g] [-G size] [-h name] [-soname name] [--help] [-i] [-lar] [-Lsearchdir] [-M] [-Map mapfile] [-m emulation] [-n|-N] [-noinhibit-exec] [-no-keep-memory] [-no-warn-mismatch] [-Olevel] [-oformat output-format] [-R filename] [-relax] [-r|-Ur] [-rpath directory] [-rpath-link directory] [-S] [-s] [-shared] [-sort-common] [-split-by-reloc count] [-split-by-file] [-T commandfile] [-Ttext textorg] [-Tdata dataorg] [-Tbss bssorg] [-t] [-u sym] [-V] [-v] [--verbose] [--version] [-warn-common] [-warn-constructors] [-warn-multiple-gp] [-warn-once] [-warn-section-align] [--whole-archive] [--no-whole-archive] [--wrap symbol] [-X] [-x] (DESCRIPTION) ld (object) (archive), , (symbol reference). , ld. ld (Linker Command Language) , . ; `info' `ld' , ld: the GNU linker , GNU linker . ld BFD , ld , -- COFF a.out, , . `objdump -i' ; objdump(1). GNU linker , linker . linker ; ld , (, , ). GNU linker ld , linker. , ld . (OPTIONS) , , . , , Unix , ld Unix . hello.o: $ ld -o output /lib/crt0.o hello.o -lc ld output , /lib/crt0.o hello.o libc.a ( ). ld , . , , ld , . ( ) -- -- -A, -b ( -format), -defsym, -L, -l, -R, -u. , objfile, , , ; objfile . linker , -l, -R , . , linker , `No input files'. , , . -Aarchitecture ld , Intel 960 . ld , architecture 960 , ; , . linker , , . , ld `-ACA' `-ltry', linker ( -L ) try libtry.a tryca libtryca.a ; `-ACA'. ld . -A , , ld -l , . -b input-format , , . , ld . input-format , BFD . -format input-format , TARGET . . -b ( ), , -b input-format . GNUTARGET . TARGET . -Bstatic . . -Bdynamic . , . -Bsymbolic , , (bind reference) (definition). , . ELF . -c commandfile ld commandfile . ld ( ); commandfile . , `{' `}' . --cref (cross reference). (linker map) , , . -d -dc -dp , linker . ld (-r), (common symbol) . FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION . -defsym symbol = expression , expression . . expression : , . + - . , . --demangle --no-demangle , (demangle) . demangle , linker : ( ); C++ (symbol name) . linker , COLLECT_NO_DEMANGLE . . -e entry entry () , . `info' ld' . -embedded-relocs MIPS PIC , GNU -membedded-pic . linker , , . testsuite/ld-empic . -E -export-dynamic ELF , . , (dynamic object) . dlopen . -f name --auxiliary name ELF , DT_AUXILIARY name. linker, name . -F name --filter name ELF , DT_FILTER name. linker, name . -format input-format -b input-format. -g ; . -G size GP () size . MIPS ECOFF, . -h name -soname name ELF , DT_SONAME name. DT_SONAME , , linker DT_SONAME , linker . --help , . --version , , GNU . linker. -i (incremental link), -r . -lar ar. . ar , ld libar.a . -Lsearchdir searchdir , ld . . ( -L ) ld (emulation) . , SEARCH_DIR . -M -- ld , . -Map mapfile mapfile -- ld , . -m emulation emulation . --verbose -V . . -N (section). Unix (magic number), OMAGIC. `-N' , linker (page-align). -n , , NMAGIC . -noinhibit-exec , , linker . , , . -no-keep-memory linker , , . linker , . , linker , . -no-warn-mismatch , , , , (endianness), linker . linker . , , linker . -o output output ld ; , `a.out'. OUTPUT . -Olevel . , . level . . -oformat output-format . , ld . output-format , BFD . OUTPUT_FORMAT , . -R filename filename , , . . -relax , H8/300. , linker , (relax) (synthesize) . `-relax' , . -r -- , ld , (partial) . , Unix (magic number) , OMAGIC. , linker . C++ , (constructor) (reference); -Ur . -i . -rpath directory (runtime) . ELF . -rpath , linker, linker . -rpath ; -rpath-link . ELF -rpath , linker LD_RUN_PATH -- . -rpath SunOS , , linker -L . -rpath , -rpath , -L . gcc, NFS , gcc -L . -rpath-link directory ELF SunOS , . ld -shared , . linker , , , linker , , . , -rpath-link . -rpath-link , . , . , linker , . -S ( ). -s . -shared . ELF SunOS ( SunOS , , -e , , linker ). -sort-common ld , . , , , . . . -split-by-reloc count (extra section), , count . COFF , ; COFF 65535 . , , . , linker , , count , . -split-by-file -split-by-reloc , . -Ttext org org -- -- bss, data, text . org . -T commandfile -c commandfile; . -t ld . -u sym sym (undefined) . , , linker . -u . -Ur C++ , -r: -- , ld . C++ , -Ur (constructor) (reference), -r . --verbose ld , (emulation). , , -v, -V ld . -V . --version ld . -warn-common , , linker . Unix linker , . . -warn-constructors (global constructor), linker . , COFF ELF, linker . -warn-multiple-gp , linker . , Alpha. -warn-once , . -warn-section-align (section) , linker . , ; , SECTIONS . --whole-archive --whole-archive , , . , . --no-whole-archive --whole-archive . --wrap symbol symbol (wrapper function). symbol (undefined reference) __wrap_symbol. __real_symbol symbol. -X . , `L' . -x . (ENVIRONMENT) GNUTARGET ld . -b ( -format), GNUTARGET , BFD . GNUTARGET , ld . GNUTARGET default, BFD ; , , . , BFD , , . (SEE ALSO) objdump(1) `ld' `binutils' ( info) ld: the GNU linker, Steve Chamberlain and Roland Pesch; The GNU Binary Utilities, Roland H. Pesch. COPYING Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the original English. [] [] 2003/05/13 Linuxman http://cmpp.linuxforum.net man man https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages- zh cygnus support 17 August 1992 ld(1)