(1) General Commands Manual (1) intro -- 1 , , , , , , , , . Linux UNIX, , , UNIX Linux ( FreeBSD UNIX- ). Linux , ', , . UNIX , , ', . , . . , , , , ' . login(1) ( ). , , . . xterm(1). , . , -- , . . sh. . ash(1), bash(1), chsh(1), csh(1), dash(1), ksh(1), zsh(1). : knuth login: aeb Password: ******** $ date Tue Aug 6 23:50:44 CEST 2002 $ cal August 2002 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 $ ls bin tel $ ls -l total 2 drwxrwxr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel $ cat tel maja 0501-1136285 peter 0136-7399214 $ cp tel tel2 $ ls -l total 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 $ mv tel tel1 $ ls -l total 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel1 -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 $ diff tel1 tel2 $ rm tel1 $ grep maja tel2 maja 0501-1136285 $ Ctrl-D . $ -- , . , , ', , . PS1="What next, master? ", . , date ( ) cal ( ). ls -- . -l , , , , / . , <> 37 , aeb, . . chown chmod. cat . ( <>: , , ' << >> (. stdout(3)), -- .) cp ( <>) . , mv ( <>) . diff . , . rm ( <>) . ! . . <<>> <<>>. grep ( <>) . . , . , ( /) . , /home/aeb/tel. , . /home/aeb/tel tel, /home/aeb. pwd . cd . cd pwd cd: "cd", "cd .", "cd ..", "cd /" "cd ~". mkdir . rmdir , , . find ( ) . , <> tel, ( .). <> , . ' , , , locate(1). mount ( , - ) . umount ' . df , . UNIX . , , -- . ps , . kill . : << , !>>. <>, , . Ctrl-C. . . , ( ), , <> <> ( <> <>). man , , less. , , Q, . , man(1). . , . . GNU/FSF info. "info info", info. (HOWTO). /usr/share/doc/howto/en HTML, . . ash(1), bash(1), chsh(1), csh(1), dash(1), ksh(1), locate(1), login(1), man(1), xterm(1), zsh(1), wait(2), stdout(3), man-pages(7), standards(7) Yuri Chornoivan ; , GNU General Public License Version 3 . . , , : . Linux man-pages 6.06 31 2023 (1)