intro(1) General Commands Manual intro(1) intro - 1 , , , , , -, .. Linux UNIX, , UNIX Linux ( FreeBSD UNIX- ). Linux (GUI), . UNIX -- (CLI), , , . , . , . Login , , . login (shell, ). , , , . xterm(1). shell () -- . - -- , . . -- sh. ash(1), bash(1), chsh(1), csh(1), dash(1), ksh(1), zsh(1). : knuth login: aeb Password: ******** $ date Tue Aug 6 23:50:44 CEST 2002 $ cal August 2002 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 $ ls bin tel $ ls -l total 2 drwxrwxr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel $ cat tel maja 0501-1136285 peter 0136-7399214 $ cp tel tel2 $ ls -l total 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 $ mv tel tel1 $ ls -l total 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel1 -rw-r--r-- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 $ diff tel1 tel2 $ rm tel1 $ grep maja tel2 maja 0501-1136285 $ Control-D. $ -- , . , , , , . . , PS1="What next, master? " , . , date ( ) cal ( ). ls -- . -l , , , / . , "tel" 37 , -- aeb, , , . chown chmod. cat . ( <> ( ): , , << >> ( stdout(3)), .) cp ( <>, ) . mv ( <>, ) . diff . , , , . rm ( "remove") ! . . . grep ( "g/re/p") . Maja. , . pathname ( ), ( /) . : /home/aeb/tel. , . , /home/aeb/tel tel, /home/aeb. pwd . cd . cd pwd, cd : <>, <>, <>, <> <>. mkdir . rmdir , , . find ( ) , <> tel ( .). <> , . , , , locate(1). mount , - ( , - ..) . umount . df . UNIX . (foreground), (background). ps . kill . , , : . <> , . Control-C. , . , (man pages, ), "man kill" , "kill" ( "man man" -- , "man"). man (pager), less. , q . man- , man(1). . . GNU/FSF info. <>, info. HOWTO. /usr/share/doc/howto, , HTML-. . ash(1), bash(1), chsh(1), csh(1), dash(1), ksh(1), locate(1), login(1), man(1), xterm(1), zsh(1), wait(2), stdout(3), man-pages(7), standards(7) Azamat Hackimov , Dmitriy S. Seregin , Yuri Kozlov ; GNU 3 , . . , , . Linux man-pages 6.06 31 2023 . intro(1)