'\" t .\" Title: groupadd .\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot .\" Date: 07/02/2024 .\" Manual: System Management Commands .\" Source: shadow-utils 4.16.0 .\" Language: Russian .\" .TH "groupadd" "8" "07/02/2024" "shadow\-utils 4\&.16\&.0" "System Management Commands" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "ИМЯ" groupadd \- создаёт новую группу .SH "СИНОПСИС" .HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u \fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR .SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" .PP The \fBgroupadd\fR command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. .PP Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. .PP Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&. .SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" .PP The options which apply to the \fBgroupadd\fR command are: .PP \fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR .RS 4 This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with \fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. \fB\-g\fR is turned off)\&. .RE .PP \fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR .RS 4 The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. \fIGID\fR must be unique, unless the \fB\-o\fR option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to \fBGID_MIN\fR and greater than every other group\&. .sp See also the \fB\-r\fR option and the \fBGID_MAX\fR description\&. .RE .PP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR .RS 4 Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. .RE .PP \fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR .RS 4 Overrides /etc/login\&.defs defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple \fB\-K\fR options can be specified\&. .sp Example: \fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& \fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR .sp Note: \fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. .RE .PP \fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR .RS 4 permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this \fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group \fINEWGROUP\fR may not be unique\&. .RE .PP \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR .RS 4 defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by \fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. .sp Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file /etc/group or /etc/gshadow\&. .sp \fBNote:\fR This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. .sp Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&. .RE .PP \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR .RS 4 Создать системную группу\&. .sp The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR range, defined in login\&.defs, instead of \fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. .RE .PP \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR .RS 4 Apply changes in the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory and use the configuration files from the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. .RE .PP \fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR .RS 4 Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory \fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. .RE .PP \fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR .RS 4 A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&. .sp The default behavior (if the \fB\-g\fR, \fB\-N\fR, and \fB\-U\fR options are not specified) is defined by the \fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR variable in /etc/login\&.defs\&. .RE .SH "НАСТРОЙКА" .PP The following configuration variables in /etc/login\&.defs change the behavior of this tool: .PP \fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) .RS 4 Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by \fBuseradd\fR, \fBgroupadd\fR, or \fBnewusers\fR\&. .sp The default value for \fBGID_MIN\fR (resp\&. \fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. .RE .PP \fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) .RS 4 Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. .sp The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. .sp This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. .sp If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. .sp Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. .RE .PP \fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) .RS 4 Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by \fBuseradd\fR, \fBgroupadd\fR, or \fBnewusers\fR\&. .sp The default value for \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (resp\&. \fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. \fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. .RE .SH "ФАЙЛЫ" .PP /etc/group .RS 4 содержит информацию о группах .RE .PP /etc/gshadow .RS 4 содержит защищаемую информацию о группах .RE .PP /etc/login\&.defs .RS 4 содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей .RE .SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" .PP Нельзя добавить группу NIS или LDAP\&. Это необходимо делать на соответствующем сервере\&. .PP If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, \fBgroupadd\fR will deny the group creation request\&. .SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" .PP The \fBgroupadd\fR command exits with the following values: .PP \fI0\fR .RS 4 success .RE .PP \fI2\fR .RS 4 invalid command syntax .RE .PP \fI3\fR .RS 4 invalid argument to option .RE .PP \fI4\fR .RS 4 GID is already used (when called without \fB\-o\fR) .RE .PP \fI9\fR .RS 4 group name is already used .RE .PP \fI10\fR .RS 4 can\*(Aqt update group file .RE .SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" .PP \fBchfn\fR(1), \fBchsh\fR(1), \fBpasswd\fR(1), \fBgpasswd\fR(8), \fBgroupdel\fR(8), \fBgroupmod\fR(8), \fBlogin.defs\fR(5), \fBuseradd\fR(8), \fBuserdel\fR(8), \fBusermod\fR(8)\&.