groff(1) General Commands Manual groff(1) groff - GNU roff groff [-abcCeEgGijklNpRsStUVXzZ] [-d _] [-d =] [-D -] [-f -] [-F -] [-I -] [-K -] [-L -] [-m -] [-M -] [-n -] [-o -] [-P --] [-r --] [-r =-] [-T -] [-w -] [-W -] [ ...] groff -h groff --help groff -v [ ...] [ ...] groff --version [ ...] [ ...] groff GNU roff . GNU roff PostScript PDF HTML . . . "-" groff . troff AT&T Unix groff POSIX Unix (man pages). . groff . "troff" "groff" : ( ) "trough" "jee-roff" "tee-roff". . groff . -h --help . groff troff(1) . groff troff groff . troff groff. groff GNU troff groff . -D preconv(1)'s -k. -e eqn(1) -g grn(1) -G grap(1) -p. -I troff ( ) -g -s. groff -I soelim(1), troff(1), -M grn(1). -j chem(1) -p. -k preconv(1) groff -K -D . -K preconv(1) -k. -l . "print" groff_font(5). this option is ignored. -L -X. -L . -L . groff . -M troff ( ) eqn(1), grap(1), grn(1). -N eqn: -N eqn(1). -p pic(1) -P . -P . groff . -R refer(1) refer . -s soelim(1) -S -U . groff -S pic(1) troff(1). -t tbl(1) -T . groff -T troff ( -Z) troff " " . -U . groff -U pic(1) troff(1). --version -v groff -v . -V groff . groff . -X gxditview(1) () X11. "-T ps" PostScript "-T X75" "-T X75-12" "-T X100" "-T X100-12" X11. -Z . troff ( -z) groff_out(5) . troff(1) . -a . -b (backtrace) . -c . -C AT&T troff -c. -d ctext -d string=text . -E troff -Ww. -f fam . -F dir dir . -i . -I dir . -m mac mac . groff -m eqn(1), grap(1), grn(1). -M dir dir . groff -M eqn(1), grap(1), grn(1). -n num num. -o list list. -r cnumeric-expression -r register=numeric-expression . -S -U . -U . -w cat -W cat cat. -z troff . GNU roff roff ( " ") troff(1) . roff(7) roff. GNU roff roff (pipelines) . GNU roff. roff(7) groff. "Hello, world!". $ echo "Hello, world!" | groff -Tascii | sed '/^$/d' Hello, world! sed(1) 65 . ( roff 66 .) UTF-8. $ echo "Hello, world!" | groff -Tutf8 | sed '/^$/d' PDF HTML DVI TeX . . $ echo "Hello, world!" | groff -Tpdf > hello.pdf $ evince hello.pdf $ echo "Hello, world!" | groff -Thtml > hello.html $ firefox hello.html $ echo "Hello, world!" | groff -Tdvi > hello.dvi $ xdvi hello.dvi groff REPL groff -- (REPL). / . -ww . $ groff -ww -Tutf8 \# . . .nr a 1 \# . .nr b \n[a]+5/2 \# . .tm \n[b] 3 \# . .ds name Leslie\" . .nr b (\n[a] + (7/2)) \# . .ce 2 Hi, \*[name]. Your secret number is \n[b]. \# . It is \# if-else. .ie (\n[b] % 2) odd. .el even. \# \# . .pl \n[nl]u Hi, Leslie. Your secret number is 4. It is even. DESC . groff DESC . "A4". DESC "11i" ( ) AT&T troff. groff_font(5). pl . . ms mm . -p -l . grops(1), . "-d paper" groff groff_tmac(5). -P . PostScript A4 . $ groff -T ps -d paper=a4l -P -pa4 -P -l -ms my.ms >my.ps groff troff(1), . roff(7) . grog(1) groff . roff . roff roff(7) . GNU roff groff(7). GNU roff AT&T troff roff groff_diff(7). roff. roff ( ) . roff . GNU roff AT&T troff / GNU troff . tbl eqn pic refer soelim "" grn chem . pic gperl groff glilypond LilyPond gpinyin . perl(1)in(1) preconv(1), GNU roff GNU troff . . . . . . troff. ideal groff. +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | | | | +=========================================+=======================================+=======================================+ | chem | .cstart | .cend | | eqn | .EQ | .EN | | grap | .G1 | .G2 | | grn | .GS | .GE | | ideal | .IS | .IE | | | | .IF | | pic | .PS | .PE | | | | .PF | | | | .PY | | refer | .R1 | .R2 | | tbl | .TS | .TE | +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | glilypond | .lilypond start | .lilypond stop | | gperl | .Perl start | .Perl stop | | gpinyin | .pinyin start | .pinyin stop | +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ roff roff . . -m roff -d -r. GNU roff AT&T troff . nroff troff "man" ( "manual") s ms -ms. . " " . an 7 (1979) groff_man(7). -man. doc 4.3BSD-Reno (1990) groff_mdoc(7). -mdoc. e s AT&T groff_me(7). -me. m AT&T s groff_mm(7). -mm. om ( "mom") GNU roff. HTML mom . -- mom -- -mom. s AT&T groff_ms(7). -ms. . andoc GNU roff man mdoc . -mandoc. man(1) man . roff -- "". groff_tmac(5). roff troff(1). AT&T troff nroff . -C troff AT&T troff . nroff(1), AT&T nroff. -T . GNU troff groff_out(5). troff -T . GROFF_TYPESETTER ps. . ascii ISO 646 1991:IRV US-ASCII. dvi TeX DVI. html xhtml HTML XHTML . latin1 ISO Latin-1 (8859-1). lbp Canon CaPSL ( LBP-4 LBP-8). lj4 HP LaserJet4 ( PCL5). pdf PDF. ps PostScript. utf8 ISO 10646 ("") UTF-8. X75 gxditview 75 10 . X75-12 gxditview 75 12 . X100 gxditview 100 10 . X100-12 gxditview 100 12 . GNU troff . GNU roff . . . postpro groff_font(5). -X gxditview . grodvi(1) dvi. grohtml(1) html xhtml. grolbp(1) lbp. grolj4(1) lj4. gropdf(1) pdf. grops(1) ps. grotty(1) ascii latin1 utf8. gxditview(1) X75 X75-12 X100 X100-12 ps. GNU roff . gdiffmk(1) roff. grog(1) groff . . addftinfo(1) AT&T troff GNU troff. afmtodit(1) PostScript Type 1. pfbtops(1) PostScript Type 1 PFB ( ) PFA ( ) afmtodit. hpftodit(1) HP LaserJet 4. tfmtodit(1) TeX DVI. xtotroff(1) X . roff . eqn2graph(1) eqn . grap2graph(1) grap . pic2graph(1) pic . refer(1) indxbib(1) . lkbib(1) . lookbib(1) . groff ( 0) -h --help 2 1 . groff groff . groff 2 3 4 . ( groff 2^2 + 2^3 + 2^4 = 4+8+16 = 28.) groff -V . groff . PATH . . GROFF_BIN_PATH groff PATH. GNU roff /usr/bin PATH. GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX GNU roff . groff AT&T troff . . "g". GNU troff gtroff. troff nroff eqn grn pic refer tbl soelim indxbib lookbib. GROFF_ENCODING . groff -e preconv(1). groff -k. groff preconv -e. groff -K GROFF_ENCODING. GROFF_FONT_PATH . troff(1) groff_font(5). GROFF_TMAC_PATH . troff(1) groff_tmac(5). GROFF_TMPDIR . TMPDIR . TMP TEMP ( ) . /tmp. refer(1), grohtml(1), grops(1) . GROFF_TYPESETTER . ps. -T GROFF_TYPESETTER. SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH ( ) . gmtime(3) asctime(3) . TZ tzset(3). SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH (UTC). roff . man(1) groff. groff -t -man -Tutf8 /usr/share/man/man1/groff.1 (pager) groff "" . roff tbl pic me AT&T troff ( ) . pic foo.me | tbl | troff -me -Tutf8 | grotty groff. groff -p -t -me -T utf8 foo.me grog(1) . $(grog -Tutf8 foo.me) "-" groff . gxditview groff -X -P -title -P 'trial run' mydoc.t groff -X -Z mydoc.t | gxditview -title 'trial run' - . ascii latin1 utf8 more(1) less(1) grotty(1). GNU roff . . /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults Application defaults directory for gxditview(1). /usr/bin groff . /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/eign indxbib(1). /usr/share/groff/1.24.1 . /usr/dict/papers/Ind lkbib(1) refer(1). /usr/share/doc/groff-1.24.1 . /usr/share/doc/groff-1.24.1/examples . /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/font . /usr/share/doc/groff-1.24.1/html HTML. /usr/lib/font . /usr/share/groff/site-font . /usr/share/groff/site-tmac ( tmac). /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/tmac ( tmac). /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/oldfont groff grops(1). /usr/share/doc/groff-1.24.1/pdf PDF. groff GNU roff /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/ tmac . troff(1). GNU roff groff_tmac(5). groff GNU roff /usr/share/groff/1.24.1/font . troff(1). groff_font(5). groff groff GNU . grap , grap . groff grap . groff ( ) . . , , . . Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff Trent A. Fisher Werner Lemberg groff . "info groff". groff. (grohtml gropdf gxditview xtotroff) . : roff(7) groff ( AT&T troff): gxditview(1) : chem(1), eqn(1), neqn(1), glilypond(1), grn(1), preconv(1), gperl(1), pic(1), gpinyin(1), refer(1), soelim(1), tbl(1) : groff_hdtbl(7), groff_man(7), groff_man_style(7), groff_mdoc(7), groff_me(7), groff_mm(7), groff_mmse(7), groff_mom(7), groff_ms(7), groff_rfc1345(7), groff_trace(7), groff_www(7) : indxbib(1), lkbib(1), lookbib(1) : groff(7), groff_char(7), groff_diff(7), groff_font(5), groff_tmac(5) : groff_out(5) : troff(1) : nroff(1), mmroff(1), pdfmom(1) : grodvi(1), grohtml(1), grolbp(1), grolj4(1), gropdf(1), grops(1), grotty(1) : addftinfo(1), afmtodit(1), hpftodit(1), pfbtops(1), tfmtodit(1), xtotroff(1) : eqn2graph(1), grap2graph(1), pic2graph(1) : gdiffmk(1) " ": grog(1) 3 . . : . groff 1.24.1 15 2026 groff(1)