'\" t
.\"     Title: gpasswd
.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 07/30/2026
.\"    Manual: User Commands
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.20.0
.\"  Language: Russian
.\"
.TH "gpasswd" "1" "07/30/2026" "shadow\-utils 4\&.20\&.0" "User Commands"
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.SH "ИМЯ"
gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
.SH "СИНОПСИС"
.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroup\fR
.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
.PP
The
\fBgpasswd\fR
command is used to administer
/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
administrators,
members and a password\&.
.PP
System administrators can use the
\fB\-A\fR
option to define group administrator(s) and the
\fB\-M\fR
option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
.PP
\fBgpasswd\fR
called by
a group administrator
with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
\fIgroup\fR\&.
.PP
If a password is set the members can still use
\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
.SS "Замечания о паролях групп"
.PP
Пароли групп имеют врождённую проблему с безопасностью, так как пароль знает более одного человека\&. Однако, группы являются полезным инструментом совместной работы различных пользователей\&.
.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
.PP
Except for the
\fB\-A\fR
and
\fB\-M\fR
options, the options cannot be combined\&.
.PP
The options which apply to the
\fBgpasswd\fR
command are:
.PP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
.RS 4
Add the
\fIuser\fR
to the named
\fIgroup\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
.RS 4
Remove the
\fIuser\fR
from the named
\fIgroup\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
.RS 4
Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. No SELINUX support\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
.RS 4
Remove the password from the named
\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
\fBnewgrp\fR
to join the named
\fIgroup\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
.RS 4
Restrict the access to the named
\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
\fBnewgrp\fR
to join the named
\fIgroup\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
.RS 4
Задать список администраторов группы\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
.RS 4
Задать список членов группы\&.
.RE
.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
.PP
This tool only operates on the
/etc/group
and /etc/gshadow files\&.
Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of this tool:
.PP
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
.RS 4
This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm is specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
It can take one of these values:
\fISHA256\fR,
\fISHA512\fR
(default),
\fIYESCRYPT\fR\&. See
crypt(5)
for recommendations\&.
.sp
Note: this only affects the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&.
.sp
History: This variable is used by other programs, which may still default to unsafe algorithms such as DES\&. To avoid using unsafe algorithms, the variable should always be specified\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
.RS 4
Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group
(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
.sp
Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет\&.
.sp
Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп\&. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа\&.
.sp
Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25\&.
.sp
Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow)\&. Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
.RS 4
When
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
is set to
\fISHA256\fR
or
\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
.sp
If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
.sp
Значения должны лежать в диапазоне 1000\-999999999\&.
.sp
If only one of the
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
or
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
values is set, then this value will be used\&.
.sp
If
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
>
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
.sp
Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&.
.RE
.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
.PP
/etc/group
.RS 4
содержит информацию о группах
.RE
.PP
/etc/gshadow
.RS 4
содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
.RE
.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
.PP
\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
\fBgrpck\fR(8),
\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.