'\" t
.\" Copyright, The contributors to the Linux man-pages project
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH frexp 3 2025-05-06 "Linux man-pages 6.14"
.SH NAME
frexp, frexpf, frexpl \- convert floating-point number to fractional
and integral components
.SH LIBRARY
Math library
.RI ( libm ,\~ \-lm )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <math.h>
.P
.BI "double frexp(double " x ", int *" exp );
.BI "float frexpf(float " x ", int *" exp );
.BI "long double frexpl(long double " x ", int *" exp );
.fi
.P
.RS -4
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
.RE
.P
.BR frexpf (),
.BR frexpl ():
.nf
    _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
        || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
        || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions are used to split the number
.I x
into a
normalized fraction and an exponent which is stored in
.IR exp .
.SH RETURN VALUE
These functions return the normalized fraction.
If the argument
.I x
is not zero,
the normalized fraction is
.I x
times a power of two,
and its absolute value is always in the range 1/2 (inclusive) to
1 (exclusive), that is, [0.5,1).
.P
If
.I x
is zero, then the normalized fraction is
zero and zero is stored in
.IR exp .
.P
If
.I x
is a NaN,
a NaN is returned, and the value of
.I *exp
is unspecified.
.P
If
.I x
is positive infinity (negative infinity),
positive infinity (negative infinity) is returned, and the value of
.I *exp
is unspecified.
.SH ERRORS
No errors occur.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface	Attribute	Value
T{
.na
.nh
.BR frexp (),
.BR frexpf (),
.BR frexpl ()
T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe
.TE
.SH STANDARDS
C11, POSIX.1-2008.
.SH HISTORY
C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.P
The variant returning
.I double
also conforms to
SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89.
.SH EXAMPLES
The program below produces results such as the following:
.P
.in +4n
.EX
.RB "$" " ./a.out 2560"
frexp(2560, &e) = 0.625: 0.625 * 2\[ha]12 = 2560
.RB "$" " ./a.out \-4"
frexp(\-4, &e) = \-0.5: \-0.5 * 2\[ha]3 = \-4
.EE
.in
.SS Program source
\&
.\" SRC BEGIN (frexp.c)
.EX
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
\&
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    double x, r;
    int exp;
\&
    x = strtod(argv[1], NULL);
    r = frexp(x, &exp);
\&
    printf("frexp(%g, &e) = %g: %g * %d\[ha]%d = %g\[rs]n", x, r, r, 2, exp, x);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.EE
.\" SRC END
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR ldexp (3),
.BR modf (3)