fopen(3)                   Library Functions Manual                   fopen(3)

<?><?><?>
       fopen, fdopen, freopen - <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>

LIBRARY
       Standard C library (libc, -lc)

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       #include <stdio.h>

       FILE *fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict mode);
       FILE *fdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
       FILE *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict mode,
                     FILE *restrict stream);

   <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
   <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> glibc
   (<?><?>. feature_test_macros(7)):

       fdopen():
           _POSIX_C_SOURCE

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> pathname, <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> mode <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>):

       r      <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       r+     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       w      <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       w+     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       a      <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              (<?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>).
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       a+     <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>). <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>. <?> POSIX <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>. <?> glibc <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?> <?>
              Android/BSD/MacOS <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>.

       The mode string can also include the letter 'b' either as a last
       character or as a character between the characters in any of the
       two-character strings described above.  This is strictly for
       compatibility with ISO C and has no effect; the 'b' is ignored on all
       POSIX conforming systems, including Linux.  (Other systems may treat
       text files and binary files differently, and adding the 'b' may be a
       good idea if you do I/O to a binary file and expect that your program
       may be ported to non-UNIX environments.)

       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> mode
       <?> glibc <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> S_IRUSR |
       S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH (0666), <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> umask <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> umask(2)).

       Reads and writes may be intermixed on read/write streams in any order.
       Note that ANSI C requires that a file positioning function intervene
       between output and input, unless an input operation encounters
       end-of-file.  (If this condition is not met, then a read is allowed to
       return the result of writes other than the most recent.)  Therefore it
       is good practice (and indeed sometimes necessary under Linux) to put an
       fseek(3)  or fsetpos(3)  operation between write and read operations on
       such a stream.  This operation may be an apparent no-op (as in
       fseek(..., 0L, SEEK_CUR) called for its synchronizing side effect).

       Opening a file in append mode (a as the first character of mode) causes
       all subsequent write operations to this stream to occur at end-of-file,
       as if preceded by the call:

           fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_END);

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> open(2) <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |<?><?><?><?><?> fopen() | <?><?><?><?><?> open()        |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |           r            | O_RDONLY                      |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |           w            | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC  |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |           a            | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |          r+            | O_RDWR                        |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |          w+            | O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC    |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
              |          a+            | O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND   |
              +------------------------+-------------------------------+
   fdopen()
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fdopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> fd.
       <?><?><?><?><?> mode <?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>: <<r>>, <<r+>>,
       <<w>>, ,w+>>, <<a>>, <<a+>>) <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> fd, <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?> <<w>>
       <?><?><?> <<w+>> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fdopen(). <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fdopen() <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

   freopen()
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> freopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> pathname <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> stream. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>) <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> mode
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       fopen().

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> pathname <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> null, <?><?> freopen()
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> mode; <?><?> <?><?><?><?>, freopen()
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> pathname,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       C99, <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

              <?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              freopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       freopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (stderr, stdin
       <?><?><?> stdout).

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       Upon successful completion fopen(), fdopen(), and freopen()  return a
       FILE pointer.  Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set to indicate
       the error.

<?><?><?><?><?><?>
       EINVAL <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> mode <?> fopen(), fdopen() <?><?><?>
              freopen().

       The fopen(), fdopen(), and freopen()  functions may also fail and set
       errno for any of the errors specified for the routine malloc(3).

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fopen() <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> errno
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> open(2).

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> fdopen() <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> errno
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> fcntl(2).

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> freopen() <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> errno <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> open(2), fclose(3) <?>
       fflush(3).

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> attributes(7).

       +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
       |<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> | <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>                                    | <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> |
       +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
       |fopen(), fdopen(),          | <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> | MT-Safe                  |
       |freopen()                   |                                                          |                          |
       +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       fopen()
       freopen()
              C11, POSIX.1-2008.

       fdopen()
              POSIX.1-2008.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       fopen()
       freopen()
              POSIX.1-2001, C89.

       fdopen()
              POSIX.1-2001.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
   <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> glibc
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> GNU C
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> mode:

       c (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.3.3)
              Do not make the open operation, or subsequent read and write
              operations, thread cancelation points.  This flag is ignored for
              fdopen().

       e (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.7)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              O_CLOEXEC. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> open(2). <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> fdopen().

       m (<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> glibc 2.3)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              mmap(2), <?> <?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?><?><?> (read(2), write(2)). <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> mmap(2)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       x      <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?><?>
              <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> O_EXCL <?> open(2)). <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?>
              fopen() <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              errno <?><?><?><?><?><?> EEXIST. <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> fdopen().

       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?> fopen() <?> freopen()
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> mode:

        ,ccs=<?><?><?><?><?><?>

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?>-<?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> ,ccs=<?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       When parsing for individual flag characters in mode (i.e., the
       characters preceding the "ccs" specification), the glibc implementation
       of fopen() and freopen()  limits the number of characters examined in
       mode to 7 (or, before glibc 2.14, to 6, which was not enough to include
       possible specifications such as "rb+cmxe").  The current implementation
       of fdopen()  parses at most 5 characters in mode.

<?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?>
       open(2), fclose(3), fileno(3), fmemopen(3), fopencookie(3),
       open_memstream(3)

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> Azamat Hackimov <azamat.hackimov@gmail.com>, Dmitry
       Bolkhovskikh <d20052005@yandex.ru>, Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
       <?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <pavia00@gmail.com>

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>;
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> GNU
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> 3 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>, <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>,
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <man-pages-ru-talks@lists.sourceforge.net>.

Linux man-pages 6.06  31 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> 2023 <?>.              fopen(3)