Mail::Message::Construct::Build(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Mail::Message::Construct::Build(3)

Mail::Message::Construct::Build - building a Mail::Message from components

my $msg1 = Mail::Message->build
  ( From => 'me', data => "only two\nlines\n");
my $msg2 = Mail::Message->buildFromBody($body);
Mail::Message->build
  ( From     => 'me@myhost.com'
  , To       => 'you@yourhost.com'
  , Subject  => "Read our folder!"
  , data     => \@lines
  , file     => 'folder.pdf'
  )->send(via => 'postfix');

Complex functionality on Mail::Message objects is implemented in different files which are autoloaded. This file implements the building of messages from various simpler components.

Simplified message object builder. In case a $message or message $part is specified, a new message is created with the same body to start with, but new headers. A $body may be specified as well. However, there are more ways to add data simply.

The $content is a list of key-value pairs and header field objects. The keys which start with a capital are used as header-lines. Lower-cased fields are used for other purposes as listed below. Each field may be used more than once. Pairs where the value is "undef" are ignored.

If more than one "data", "file", and "attach" is specified, a multi-parted message is created. Some "Content-*" fields are treated separately: to enforce the content lines of the produced message body after it has been created. For instance, to explicitly state that you wish a "multipart/alternative" in stead of the default "multipart/mixed". If you wish to specify the type per datum, you need to start playing with Mail::Message::Body objects yourself.

This "build" method will use buildFromBody() when the body object has been constructed. Together, they produce your message.

-Option--Default
 attach  undef
 data    undef
 file    undef
 files   [ ]
 head    undef
One attachment to the message. Each attachment can be full $message, a $part, or a $body. Any $message will get encapsulated into a "message/rfc822" body. You can specify many items (may be of different types) at once. 
attach => $folder->message(3)->decoded  # body
attach => $folder->message(3)           # message
attach => [ $msg1, $msg2->part(6), $msg3->body ];
The text for one part, specified as one STRING, or an ARRAY of lines. Each line, including the last, must be terminated by a newline. This argument is passed to Mail::Message::Body::new(data) to construct one. 
 data => [ "line 1\n", "line 2\n" ]     # array of lines
 data => <<'TEXT'                       # string
line 1
line 2
TEXT
Create a body where the data is read from the specified FILENAME, FILEHANDLE, or object of type IO::Handle. Also this body is used to create a Mail::Message::Body. [2.119] You may even pass more than one file at once: 'file' and 'files' option are equivalent. 
my $in = IO::File->new('/etc/passwd', 'r');
file  => 'picture.jpg'                   # filename
file  => \*MYINPUTFILE                   # file handle
file  => $in                             # any IO::Handle
files => [ 'picture.jpg', \*MYINPUTFILE, $in ]
open my $in, '<:raw', '/etc/passwd';    # alternative for IO::File
Alias for option "file".
Start with a prepared header, otherwise one is created.

example:

my $msg = Mail::Message->build
 ( From    => 'me@home.nl'
 , To      => Mail::Address->new('your name', 'you@yourplace.aq')
 , Cc      => 'everyone@example.com'
 , Subject => "Let's talk",
 , $other_message->get('Bcc')
 , data   => [ "This is\n", "the first part of\n", "the message\n" ]
 , file   => 'myself.gif'
 , file   => 'you.jpg'
 , attach => $signature
 );
my $msg = Mail::Message->build
 ( To     => 'you'
 , 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'
 , data   => "<html></html>"
 );
Shape a message around a $body. Bodies have information about their content in them, which is used to construct a header for the message. You may specify a $head object which is pre-initialized, or one is created for you (also when $head is "undef"). Next to that, more $headers can be specified which are stored in that header.

Header fields are added in order, and before the header lines as defined by the body are taken. They may be supplied as key-value pairs or Mail::Message::Field objects. In case of a key-value pair, the field's name is to be used as key and the value is a string, address (Mail::Address object), or array of addresses.

A "Date", "Message-Id", and "MIME-Version" field are added unless supplied.

example:

my $type = Mail::Message::Field->new('Content-Type', 'text/html'
  , 'charset="us-ascii"');
my @to   = ( Mail::Address->new('Your name', 'you@example.com')
           , 'world@example.info'
           );
my $msg  = Mail::Message->buildFromBody
  ( $body
  , From => 'me@example.nl'
  , To   => \@to
  , $type
  );

Rapid building

Most messages you need to construct are relatively simple. Therefore, this module provides a method to prepare a message with only one method call: build().

Compared to MIME::Entity::build()

The "build" method in MailBox is modelled after the "build" method as provided by MIMETools, but with a few simplifications:

Hum, reading the list above... what is equivalent? MIME::Entity is not that simple after all! Let's look at an example from MIME::Entity's manual page:

### Create the top-level, and set up the mail headers:
$top = MIME::Entity->build(Type     => "multipart/mixed",
                           From     => 'me@myhost.com',
                           To       => 'you@yourhost.com',
                           Subject  => "Hello, nurse!");

### Attachment #1: a simple text document:
$top->attach(Path=>"./testin/short.txt");

### Attachment #2: a GIF file:
$top->attach(Path        => "./docs/mime-sm.gif",
             Type        => "image/gif",
             Encoding    => "base64");

### Attachment #3: text we'll create with text we have on-hand:
$top->attach(Data => $contents);

The MailBox equivalent could be

my $msg = Mail::Message->build
  ( From     => 'me@myhost.com'
  , To       => 'you@yourhost.com'
  , Subject  => "Hello, nurse!"
  , file     => "./testin/short.txt"
  , file     => "./docs/mime-sm.gif"
  , data     => $contents
  );

One of the simplifications is that MIME::Types is used to lookup the right content type and optimal transfer encoding. Good values for content-disposition and such are added as well.

build, starting with nothing

See build().

buildFromBody, body becomes message

See buildFromBody().

The Content-* fields

The various "Content-*" fields are not as harmless as they look. For instance, the "Content-Type" field will have an effect on the default transfer encoding.

When a message is built this way:

my $msg = Mail::Message->build
 ( 'Content-Type' => 'video/mpeg3'
 , 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => 'base64'
 , 'Content-Disposition' => 'attachment'
 , file => '/etc/passwd'
 );

then first a "text/plain" body is constructed (MIME::Types does not find an extension on the filename so defaults to "text/plain"), with no encoding. Only when that body is ready, the new type and requested encodings are set. The content of the body will get base64 encoded, because it is requested that way.

What basically happens is this:

my $head = ...other header lines...;
my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(file => '/etc/passwd');
$body->type('video/mpeg3');
$body->transferEncoding('base64');
$body->disposition('attachment');
my $msg  = Mail::Message->buildFromBody($body, $head);

A safer way to construct the message is:

my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new
 ( file              => '/etc/passwd'
 , mime_type         => 'video/mpeg3'
 , transfer_encoding => 'base64'
 , disposition       => 'attachment'
 );
my $msg  = Mail::Message->buildFromBody
 ( $body
 , ...other header lines...
 );

In the latter program, you will immediately start with a body of the right type.

You may wish to construct a message to be stored in a some kind of folder, but you need to do that in two steps. First, create a normal Mail::Message, and then add it to the folder. During this Mail::Box::addMessage() process, the message will get coerce()-d into the right message type, adding storage information and the like.

This module is part of Mail-Message distribution version 3.015, built on December 11, 2023. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/

Copyrights 2001-2023 by [Mark Overmeer <markov@cpan.org>]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/

2024-01-06 perl v5.38.1