clock_getres(2) System Calls Manual clock_getres(2) clock_getres, clock_gettime, clock_settime - C (libc, -lc), glibc 2.17 glibc 2.17, (librt, -lrt) #include int clock_getres(clockid_t clockid, struct timespec *_Nullable res); int clock_gettime(clockid_t clockid, struct timespec *tp); int clock_settime(clockid_t clockid, const struct timespec *tp); glibc (. feature_test_macros(7)): clock_getres(), clock_gettime(), clock_settime(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L clock_getres() () clockid , , res NULL, struct timespec, res. . , tp clock_settime(), res, res. clock_gettime() clock_settime() clockid. res tp timespec(3). clockid , . , . , CLOCK_REALTIME. . , , . . . glibc Linux : CLOCK_REALTIME A settable system-wide clock that measures real (i.e., wall-clock) time. Setting this clock requires appropriate privileges. This clock is affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time (e.g., if the system administrator manually changes the clock), and by frequency adjustments performed by NTP and similar applications via adjtime(3), adjtimex(2), clock_adjtime(2), and ntp_adjtime(3). This clock normally counts the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) except that it ignores leap seconds; near a leap second it is typically adjusted by NTP to stay roughly in sync with UTC. CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM ( Linux 3.0; Linux) CLOCK_REALTIME, . . timer_create(2) . CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE ( Linux 2.6.32; Linux) A faster but less precise version of CLOCK_REALTIME. This clock is not settable. Use when you need very fast, but not fine-grained timestamps. Requires per-architecture support, and probably also architecture support for this flag in the vdso(7). CLOCK_TAI ( Linux 3.10; Linux) A nonsettable system-wide clock derived from wall-clock time but counting leap seconds. This clock does not experience discontinuities or frequency adjustments caused by inserting leap seconds as CLOCK_REALTIME does. TAI . CLOCK_MONOTONIC A nonsettable system-wide clock that represents monotonic time since--as described by POSIX--"some unspecified point in the past". On Linux, that point corresponds to the number of seconds that the system has been running since it was booted. The CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock is not affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time (e.g., if the system administrator manually changes the clock), but is affected by frequency adjustments. This clock does not count time that the system is suspended. All CLOCK_MONOTONIC variants guarantee that the time returned by consecutive calls will not go backwards, but successive calls may--depending on the architecture--return identical (not-increased) time values. CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE ( Linux 2.6.32; Linux) , CLOCK_MONOTONIC. , , . , , vdso(7). CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW ( Linux 2.6.28; Linux) Similar to CLOCK_MONOTONIC, but provides access to a raw hardware-based time that is not subject to frequency adjustments. This clock does not count time that the system is suspended. CLOCK_BOOTTIME ( Linux 2.6.39; Linux) A nonsettable system-wide clock that is identical to CLOCK_MONOTONIC, except that it also includes any time that the system is suspended. This allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without having to deal with the complications of CLOCK_REALTIME, which may have discontinuities if the time is changed using settimeofday(2) or similar. CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM ( Linux 3.0; Linux) CLOCK_BOOTTIME. . timer_create(2). CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID ( Linux 2.6.12) This is a clock that measures CPU time consumed by this process (i.e., CPU time consumed by all threads in the process). On Linux, this clock is not settable. CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID ( Linux 2.6.12) , , . Linux . Linux , . In addition to the hard-coded System-V style clock IDs described above, Linux also supports POSIX clock operations on certain character devices. Such devices are called "dynamic" clocks, and are supported since Linux 2.6.39. Using the appropriate macros, open file descriptors may be converted into clock IDs and passed to clock_gettime(), clock_settime(), and clock_adjtime(2). The following example shows how to convert a file descriptor into a dynamic clock ID. #define CLOCKFD 3 #define FD_TO_CLOCKID(fd) ((~(clockid_t) (fd) << 3) | CLOCKFD) #define CLOCKID_TO_FD(clk) ((unsigned int) ~((clk) >> 3)) struct timespec ts; clockid_t clkid; int fd; fd = open("/dev/ptp0", O_RDWR); clkid = FD_TO_CLOCKID(fd); clock_gettime(clkid, &ts); clock_gettime(), clock_settime(), and clock_getres() return 0 for success. On error, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error. EACCES clock_settime() POSIX . EFAULT tp . EINVAL The clockid specified is invalid for one of two reasons. Either the System-V style hard coded positive value is out of range, or the dynamic clock ID does not refer to a valid instance of a clock object. EINVAL (clock_settime()): tp.tv_sec is negative or tp.tv_nsec is outside the range [0, 999,999,999]. EINVAL clockid, clock_settime(), . EINVAL ( Linux 4.3) clock_settime() clockid CLOCK_REALTIME CLOCK_MONOTONIC. ENODEV The hot-pluggable device (like USB for example) represented by a dynamic clk_id has disappeared after its character device was opened. ENOTSUP POSIX. EOVERFLOW The timestamp would not fit in time_t range. This can happen if an executable with 32-bit time_t is run on a 64-bit kernel when the time is 2038-01-19 03:14:08 UTC or later. However, when the system time is out of time_t range in other situations, the behavior is undefined. EPERM clock_settime() . attributes(7). +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+ | | | | +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+ |clock_getres(), | | MT-Safe | |clock_gettime(), | | | |clock_settime() | | | +----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+ POSIX.1 : CLOCK_REALTIME clock_settime() , - , , nanosleep(); , , . , , , . POSIX.1-2001, << >> CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clock_settime(). Linux (. ., << >>). C clock_gettime() vdso(7). POSIX.1-2008. POSIX.1-2001, SUSv2. Linux 2.6. On POSIX systems on which these functions are available, the symbol _POSIX_TIMERS is defined in to a value greater than 0. POSIX.1-2008 makes these functions mandatory. The symbols _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK, _POSIX_CPUTIME, _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME indicate that CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID are available. (See also sysconf(3).) SMP , Linux CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, glibc (TSC i386, AR.ITC Itanium). , , , . , , . clock_getcpuclockid(0) ENOENT, . , , . The processors in an SMP system do not start all at exactly the same time and therefore the timer registers are typically running at an offset. Some architectures include code that attempts to limit these offsets on bootup. However, the code cannot guarantee to accurately tune the offsets. glibc contains no provisions to deal with these offsets (unlike the Linux Kernel). Typically these offsets are small and therefore the effects may be negligible in most cases. glibc 2.4, , , , CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID ( , , Linux 2.6.12 ). The program below demonstrates the use of clock_gettime() and clock_getres() with various clocks. This is an example of what we might see when running the program: $ ./clock_times x CLOCK_REALTIME : 1585985459.446 (18356 days + 7h 30m 59s) resolution: 0.000000001 CLOCK_TAI : 1585985496.447 (18356 days + 7h 31m 36s) resolution: 0.000000001 CLOCK_MONOTONIC: 52395.722 (14h 33m 15s) resolution: 0.000000001 CLOCK_BOOTTIME : 72691.019 (20h 11m 31s) resolution: 0.000000001 /* clock_times.c Licensed under GNU General Public License v2 or later. */ #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 #include #include #include #include #include #define SECS_IN_DAY (24 * 60 * 60) static void displayClock(clockid_t clock, const char *name, bool showRes) { long days; struct timespec ts; if (clock_gettime(clock, &ts) == -1) { perror("clock_gettime"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("%-15s: %10jd.%03ld (", name, (intmax_t) ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec / 1000000); days = ts.tv_sec / SECS_IN_DAY; if (days > 0) printf("%ld days + ", days); printf("%2dh %2dm %2ds", (int) (ts.tv_sec % SECS_IN_DAY) / 3600, (int) (ts.tv_sec % 3600) / 60, (int) ts.tv_sec % 60); printf(")\n"); if (clock_getres(clock, &ts) == -1) { perror("clock_getres"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (showRes) printf(" resolution: %10jd.%09ld\n", (intmax_t) ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { bool showRes = argc > 1; displayClock(CLOCK_REALTIME, "CLOCK_REALTIME", showRes); #ifdef CLOCK_TAI displayClock(CLOCK_TAI, "CLOCK_TAI", showRes); #endif displayClock(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, "CLOCK_MONOTONIC", showRes); #ifdef CLOCK_BOOTTIME displayClock(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, "CLOCK_BOOTTIME", showRes); #endif exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } date(1), gettimeofday(2), settimeofday(2), time(2), adjtime(3), clock_getcpuclockid(3), ctime(3), ftime(3), pthread_getcpuclockid(3), sysconf(3), timespec(3), time(7), time_namespaces(7), vdso(7), hwclock(8) () Azamat Hackimov , Dmitriy S. Seregin , Dmitry Bolkhovskikh , Katrin Kutepova , Yuri Kozlov , Kirill Rekhov ; GNU (GNU General Public License - GPL, 3 ) , - . - , , () () () <>. Linux 6.9.1 15 2024 . clock_getres(2)