'\" t .\" Title: chgpasswd .\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot .\" Date: 07/30/2026 .\" Manual: System Management Commands .\" Source: shadow-utils 4.20.0 .\" Language: Russian .\" .TH "chgpasswd" "8" "07/30/2026" "shadow\-utils 4\&.20\&.0" "System Management Commands" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "ИМЯ" chgpasswd \- обновляет пароли групп в пакетном режиме .SH "СИНОПСИС" .HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u \fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] .SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" .PP The \fBchgpasswd\fR command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: .PP \fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR .PP By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by \fBchgpasswd\fR\&. .PP The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR variable of /etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the \fB\-e\fR or \fB\-c\fR options\&. .PP Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&. .SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" .PP The options which apply to the \fBchgpasswd\fR command are: .PP \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR .RS 4 Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&. .sp The available methods are \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR, \fIYESCRYPT\fR and \fINONE\fR if your libc supports these methods\&. .RE .PP \fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR .RS 4 Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&. .RE .PP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR .RS 4 Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. .RE .PP \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR .RS 4 Apply changes in the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory and use the configuration files from the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. No SELINUX support\&. .RE .PP \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR .RS 4 Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&. .sp You can only use this option with crypt method: \fISHA256\fR \fISHA512\fR \fIYESCRYPT\fR .sp By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login\&.defs\&. .sp A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512\&. The default number of rounds is 5000\&. .sp By default, the number of rounds for YESCRYPT is defined by the YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR in /etc/login\&.defs\&. .sp A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT\&. The default number of rounds is 5\&. .RE .SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" .PP Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&. .PP Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике системных паролей\&. .SH "НАСТРОЙКА" .PP The following configuration variables in /etc/login\&.defs change the behavior of this tool: .PP \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) .RS 4 This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm is specified on the command line)\&. .sp It can take one of these values: \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR (default), \fIYESCRYPT\fR\&. See crypt(5) for recommendations\&. .sp Note: this only affects the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&. .sp History: This variable is used by other programs, which may still default to unsafe algorithms such as DES\&. To avoid using unsafe algorithms, the variable should always be specified\&. .RE .PP \fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) .RS 4 Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. .sp Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет\&. .sp Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп\&. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа\&. .sp Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25\&. .sp Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow)\&. Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно\&. .RE .PP \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) .RS 4 When \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR is set to \fISHA256\fR or \fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. .sp With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. .sp If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&. .sp Значения должны лежать в диапазоне 1000\-999999999\&. .sp If only one of the \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR or \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR values is set, then this value will be used\&. .sp If \fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR > \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. .sp Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&. .RE .PP \fBYESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR\fR (number) .RS 4 When \fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR is set to \fIYESCRYPT\fR, this defines the cost factor used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the cost factor is not specified on the command line)\&. .sp With a high cost factor, it is more difficult to brute force the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. .sp The value must be inside the 1\-11 range\&. .sp Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&. .RE .SH "ФАЙЛЫ" .PP /etc/group .RS 4 содержит информацию о группах .RE .PP /etc/gshadow .RS 4 содержит защищаемую информацию о группах .RE .PP /etc/login\&.defs .RS 4 содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей .RE .SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" .PP \fBgpasswd\fR(1), \fBgroupadd\fR(8), \fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.