CHGPASSWD(8) | System Management Commands | CHGPASSWD(8) |
NOME
chgpasswd - aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalità non interattiva
SINOSSI
chgpasswd [options]
DESCRIZIONE
The chgpasswd command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:
group_name:password
By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by chgpasswd.
The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of /etc/login.defs, and can be overwritten with the -e, -m, or -c options.
Questo comando è appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessità di creare molti account nello stesso momento.
OPZIONI
The options which apply to the chgpasswd command are:
-c, --crypt-method
The available methods are DES, MD5, SHA256, SHA512, YESCRYPT and NONE if your libc supports these methods.
-e, --encrypted
-h, --help
-m, --md5
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
-s, --sha-rounds
You can only use this option with crypt method: SHA256 SHA512 YESCRYPT
By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs.
A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512. The default number of rounds is 5000.
By default, the number of rounds for YESCRYPT is defined by the YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR in /etc/login.defs.
A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT. The default number of rounds is 5.
AVVISI/CAVEAT
Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti.
Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema.
CONFIGURAZIONE
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
ENCRYPT_METHOD (string)
It can take one of these values: DES (default), MD5, SHA256, SHA512, YESCRYPT. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see crypt(5) for recommendations.
Note: this parameter overrides the MD5_CRYPT_ENAB variable.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it.
MD5_CRYPT_ENAB (boolean)
This variable is superseded by the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm.
This variable is deprecated. You should use ENCRYPT_METHOD.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)
With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.
If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware.
The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range.
If only one of the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.
If SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR (number)
With a high cost factor, it is more difficult to brute force the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.
The value must be inside the 1-11 range.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
FILE
/etc/group
/etc/gshadow
/etc/login.defs
VEDERE ANCHE
02/07/2024 | shadow-utils 4.16.0 |