AIO(7)                 Miscellaneous Information Manual                 AIO(7)

<?><?><?><?><?>
       aio - <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> POSIX

<?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (AIO) <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> POSIX
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?>
       <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>). <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>: <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> POSIX AIO <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

       aio_read(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> read(2).

       aio_write(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> write(2).

       aio_fsync(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>. <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> fsync(2) <?>
              fdatasync(2).

       aio_error(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_return(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_suspend(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_cancel(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?>.

       lio_listio(3)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?> aiocb ("<?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>") <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>:

           #include <aiocb.h>

           struct aiocb {
               /* The order of these fields is implementation-dependent */

               int             aio_fildes;     /* File descriptor */
               off_t           aio_offset;     /* File offset */
               volatile void  *aio_buf;        /* Location of buffer */
               size_t          aio_nbytes;     /* Length of transfer */
               int             aio_reqprio;    /* Request priority */
               struct sigevent aio_sigevent;   /* Notification method */
               int             aio_lio_opcode; /* Operation to be performed;
                                                  lio_listio() only */

               /* Various implementation-internal fields not shown */
           };

           /* Operation codes for 'aio_lio_opcode': */

           enum { LIO_READ, LIO_WRITE, LIO_NOP };

       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>:

       aio_fildes
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_offset
              <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_buf
              <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_nbytes
              <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> aio_buf.

       aio_reqprio
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              (<?><?><?><?> pthread_setschedparam(3)). <?><?><?> <?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              0 <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              sysconf(_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX). <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_sigevent
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?> aio_sigevent.sigev_notify <?><?> SIGEV_NONE <?>
              SIGEV_SIGNAL <?> SIGEV_THREAD. <?><?><?><?> sigevent(3type)
              <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

       aio_lio_opcode
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?>
              lio_listio(3).

       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> GNU C <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> POSIX AIO:

       aio_init(3)
              <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?><?> glibc POSIX AIO.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       EINVAL <?><?><?> aio_reqprio <?><?> <?><?><?><?> aiocb <?><?><?>
              <?><?><?> <?><?> 0<?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?>
              <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
              sysconf(_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX).

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       POSIX.1-2008.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       POSIX.1-2001.  glibc 2.1.

<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
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       memset(3)). <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> aio_buf <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?><?><?>.

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       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> aiocb <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>.

       <?><?><?><?><?> Linux POSIX AIO <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       glibc. <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>.
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> (<?><?><?><?> io_submit(2)<?>
       io_setup(2)<?> io_cancel(2)<?> io_destroy(2)<?> io_getevents(2))<?>
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> POSIX AIO <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?>.

<?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> aio_read(3). <?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> aio_error(3). <?><?>
       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>/<?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
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       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> aio_return(3).

       <?><?><?><?><?> SIGQUIT (<?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> control-\) <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> aio_cancel(3).

       <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>. <?><?> <?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       <?><?><?> "abc" <?> "x".

           $ ./a.out /dev/stdin /dev/stdin;
           opened /dev/stdin on descriptor 3
           opened /dev/stdin on descriptor 4
           aio_error():
               for request 0 (descriptor 3): In progress
               for request 1 (descriptor 4): In progress
           abc
           I/O completion signal received
           aio_error():
               for request 0 (descriptor 3): I/O succeeded
               for request 1 (descriptor 4): In progress
           aio_error():
               for request 1 (descriptor 4): In progress
           x
           I/O completion signal received
           aio_error():
               for request 1 (descriptor 4): I/O succeeded
           All I/O requests completed
           aio_return():
               for request 0 (descriptor 3): 4
               for request 1 (descriptor 4): 2

   <?><?><?><?> <?><?><?><?><?><?><?><?>
       #include <err.h>
       #include <fcntl.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <errno.h>
       #include <aio.h>
       #include <signal.h>

       #define BUF_SIZE 20     /* Size of buffers for read operations */

       struct ioRequest {      /* Application-defined structure for tracking
                                  I/O requests */
           int           reqNum;
           int           status;
           struct aiocb *aiocbp;
       };

       static volatile sig_atomic_t gotSIGQUIT = 0;
                               /* On delivery of SIGQUIT, we attempt to
                                  cancel all outstanding I/O requests */

       static void             /* Handler for SIGQUIT */
       quitHandler(int sig)
       {
           gotSIGQUIT = 1;
       }

       #define IO_SIGNAL SIGUSR1   /* Signal used to notify I/O completion */

       static void                 /* Handler for I/O completion signal */
       aioSigHandler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *ucontext)
       {
           if (si->si_code == SI_ASYNCIO) {
               write(STDOUT_FILENO, "I/O completion signal received\n", 31);

               /* The corresponding ioRequest structure would be available as
                      struct ioRequest *ioReq = si->si_value.sival_ptr;
                  and the file descriptor would then be available via
                      ioReq->aiocbp->aio_fildes */
           }
       }

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           struct sigaction sa;
           int s;
           int numReqs;        /* Total number of queued I/O requests */
           int openReqs;       /* Number of I/O requests still in progress */

           if (argc < 2) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname> <pathname>...\n",
                       argv[0]);
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           numReqs = argc - 1;

           /* Allocate our arrays.  */

           struct ioRequest *ioList = calloc(numReqs, sizeof(*ioList));
           if (ioList == NULL)
               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");

           struct aiocb *aiocbList = calloc(numReqs, sizeof(*aiocbList));
           if (aiocbList == NULL)
               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");

           /* Establish handlers for SIGQUIT and the I/O completion signal.  */

           sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
           sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);

           sa.sa_handler = quitHandler;
           if (sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL) == -1)
               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "sigaction");

           sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;
           sa.sa_sigaction = aioSigHandler;
           if (sigaction(IO_SIGNAL, &sa, NULL) == -1)
               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "sigaction");

           /* Open each file specified on the command line, and queue
              a read request on the resulting file descriptor.  */

           for (size_t j = 0; j < numReqs; j++) {
               ioList[j].reqNum = j;
               ioList[j].status = EINPROGRESS;
               ioList[j].aiocbp = &aiocbList[j];

               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes = open(argv[j + 1], O_RDONLY);
               if (ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes == -1)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "open");
               printf("opened %s on descriptor %d\n", argv[j + 1],
                       ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes);

               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_buf = malloc(BUF_SIZE);
               if (ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_buf == NULL)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc");

               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_nbytes = BUF_SIZE;
               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_reqprio = 0;
               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_offset = 0;
               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL;
               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_sigevent.sigev_signo = IO_SIGNAL;
               ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_sigevent.sigev_value.sival_ptr =
                                       &ioList[j];

               s = aio_read(ioList[j].aiocbp);
               if (s == -1)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "aio_read");
           }

           openReqs = numReqs;

           /* Loop, monitoring status of I/O requests.  */

           while (openReqs > 0) {
               sleep(3);       /* Delay between each monitoring step */

               if (gotSIGQUIT) {

                   /* On receipt of SIGQUIT, attempt to cancel each of the
                      outstanding I/O requests, and display status returned
                      from the cancelation requests.  */

                   printf("got SIGQUIT; canceling I/O requests: \n");

                   for (size_t j = 0; j < numReqs; j++) {
                       if (ioList[j].status == EINPROGRESS) {
                           printf("    Request %zu on descriptor %d:", j,
                                   ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes);
                           s = aio_cancel(ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes,
                                   ioList[j].aiocbp);
                           if (s == AIO_CANCELED)
                               printf("I/O canceled\n");
                           else if (s == AIO_NOTCANCELED)
                               printf("I/O not canceled\n");
                           else if (s == AIO_ALLDONE)
                               printf("I/O all done\n");
                           else
                               perror("aio_cancel");
                       }
                   }

                   gotSIGQUIT = 0;
               }

               /* Check the status of each I/O request that is still
                  in progress.  */

               printf("aio_error():\n");
               for (size_t j = 0; j < numReqs; j++) {
                   if (ioList[j].status == EINPROGRESS) {
                       printf("    for request %zu (descriptor %d): ",
                               j, ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes);
                       ioList[j].status = aio_error(ioList[j].aiocbp);

                       switch (ioList[j].status) {
                       case 0:
                           printf("I/O succeeded\n");
                           break;
                       case EINPROGRESS:
                           printf("In progress\n");
                           break;
                       case ECANCELED:
                           printf("Canceled\n");
                           break;
                       default:
                           perror("aio_error");
                           break;
                       }

                       if (ioList[j].status != EINPROGRESS)
                           openReqs--;
                   }
               }
           }

           printf("All I/O requests completed\n");

           /* Check status return of all I/O requests.  */

           printf("aio_return():\n");
           for (size_t j = 0; j < numReqs; j++) {
               ssize_t s;

               s = aio_return(ioList[j].aiocbp);
               printf("    for request %zu (descriptor %d): %zd\n",
                       j, ioList[j].aiocbp->aio_fildes, s);
           }

           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

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