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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Pod::Simple::XHTML 3perl"
.TH Pod::Simple::XHTML 3perl 2024-09-01 "perl v5.40.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.nh
.SH NAME
Pod::Simple::XHTML \-\- format Pod as validating XHTML
.SH SYNOPSIS
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  use Pod::Simple::XHTML;
\&
\&  my $parser = Pod::Simple::XHTML\->new();
\&
\&  ...
\&
\&  $parser\->parse_file(\*(Aqpath/to/file.pod\*(Aq);
.Ve
.SH DESCRIPTION
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This class is a formatter that takes Pod and renders it as XHTML
validating HTML.
.PP
This is a subclass of Pod::Simple::Methody and inherits all its
methods. The implementation is entirely different than
Pod::Simple::HTML, but it largely preserves the same interface.
.SS "Minimal code"
.IX Subsection "Minimal code"
.Vb 6
\&  use Pod::Simple::XHTML;
\&  my $psx = Pod::Simple::XHTML\->new;
\&  $psx\->output_string(\emy $html);
\&  $psx\->parse_file(\*(Aqpath/to/Module/Name.pm\*(Aq);
\&  open my $out, \*(Aq>\*(Aq, \*(Aqout.html\*(Aq or die "Cannot open \*(Aqout.html\*(Aq: $!\en";
\&  print $out $html;
.Ve
.PP
You can also control the character encoding and entities. For example, if
you're sure that the POD is properly encoded (using the \f(CW\*(C`=encoding\*(C'\fR command),
you can prevent high-bit characters from being encoded as HTML entities and
declare the output character set as UTF\-8 before parsing, like so:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  $psx\->html_charset(\*(AqUTF\-8\*(Aq);
\&use warnings;
\&  $psx\->html_encode_chars(q{&<>\*(Aq"});
.Ve
.SH METHODS
.IX Header "METHODS"
Pod::Simple::XHTML offers a number of methods that modify the format of
the HTML output. Call these after creating the parser object, but before
the call to \f(CW\*(C`parse_file\*(C'\fR:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  my $parser = Pod::PseudoPod::HTML\->new();
\&  $parser\->set_optional_param("value");
\&  $parser\->parse_file($file);
.Ve
.SS perldoc_url_prefix
.IX Subsection "perldoc_url_prefix"
In turning Foo::Bar into http://whatever/Foo%3a%3aBar, what
to put before the "Foo%3a%3aBar". The default value is
"https://metacpan.org/pod/".
.SS perldoc_url_postfix
.IX Subsection "perldoc_url_postfix"
What to put after "Foo%3a%3aBar" in the URL. This option is not set by
default.
.SS man_url_prefix
.IX Subsection "man_url_prefix"
In turning \f(CWcrontab(5)\fR into http://whatever/man/1/crontab, what
to put before the "1/crontab". The default value is
"http://man.he.net/man".
.SS man_url_postfix
.IX Subsection "man_url_postfix"
What to put after "1/crontab" in the URL. This option is not set by default.
.SS "title_prefix, title_postfix"
.IX Subsection "title_prefix, title_postfix"
What to put before and after the title in the head. The values should
already be &\-escaped.
.SS html_css
.IX Subsection "html_css"
.Vb 1
\&  $parser\->html_css(\*(Aqpath/to/style.css\*(Aq);
.Ve
.PP
The URL or relative path of a CSS file to include. This option is not
set by default.
.SS html_javascript
.IX Subsection "html_javascript"
The URL or relative path of a JavaScript file to pull in. This option is
not set by default.
.SS html_doctype
.IX Subsection "html_doctype"
A document type tag for the file. This option is not set by default.
.SS html_charset
.IX Subsection "html_charset"
The character set to declare in the Content-Type meta tag created by default
for \f(CW\*(C`html_header_tags\*(C'\fR. Note that this option will be ignored if the value of
\&\f(CW\*(C`html_header_tags\*(C'\fR is changed. Defaults to "ISO\-8859\-1".
.SS html_header_tags
.IX Subsection "html_header_tags"
Additional arbitrary HTML tags for the header of the document. The
default value is just a content type header tag:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  <meta http\-equiv="Content\-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO\-8859\-1">
.Ve
.PP
Add additional meta tags here, or blocks of inline CSS or JavaScript
(wrapped in the appropriate tags).
.PP
\fIhtml_encode_chars\fR
.IX Subsection "html_encode_chars"
.PP
A string containing all characters that should be encoded as HTML entities,
specified using the regular expression character class syntax (what you find
within brackets in regular expressions). This value will be passed as the
second argument to the \f(CW\*(C`encode_entities\*(C'\fR function of HTML::Entities. If
HTML::Entities is not installed, then any characters other than \f(CW\*(C`&<\*(C'\fR"'>
will be encoded numerically.
.SS html_h_level
.IX Subsection "html_h_level"
This is the level of HTML "Hn" element to which a Pod "head1" corresponds.  For
example, if \f(CW\*(C`html_h_level\*(C'\fR is set to 2, a head1 will produce an H2, a head2
will produce an H3, and so on.
.SS default_title
.IX Subsection "default_title"
Set a default title for the page if no title can be determined from the
content. The value of this string should already be &\-escaped.
.SS force_title
.IX Subsection "force_title"
Force a title for the page (don't try to determine it from the content).
The value of this string should already be &\-escaped.
.SS "html_header, html_footer"
.IX Subsection "html_header, html_footer"
Set the HTML output at the beginning and end of each file. The default
header includes a title, a doctype tag (if \f(CW\*(C`html_doctype\*(C'\fR is set), a
content tag (customized by \f(CW\*(C`html_header_tags\*(C'\fR), a tag for a CSS file
(if \f(CW\*(C`html_css\*(C'\fR is set), and a tag for a Javascript file (if
\&\f(CW\*(C`html_javascript\*(C'\fR is set). The default footer simply closes the \f(CW\*(C`html\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`body\*(C'\fR tags.
.PP
The options listed above customize parts of the default header, but
setting \f(CW\*(C`html_header\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`html_footer\*(C'\fR completely overrides the
built-in header or footer. These may be useful if you want to use
template tags instead of literal HTML headers and footers or are
integrating converted POD pages in a larger website.
.PP
If you want no headers or footers output in the HTML, set these options
to the empty string.
.SS index
.IX Subsection "index"
Whether to add a table-of-contents at the top of each page (called an
index for the sake of tradition).
.SS anchor_items
.IX Subsection "anchor_items"
Whether to anchor every definition \f(CW\*(C`=item\*(C'\fR directive. This needs to be
enabled if you want to be able to link to specific \f(CW\*(C`=item\*(C'\fR directives, which
are output as \f(CW\*(C`<dt>\*(C'\fR elements. Disabled by default.
.SS backlink
.IX Subsection "backlink"
Whether to turn every =head1 directive into a link pointing to the top
of the page (specifically, the opening body tag).
.SH SUBCLASSING
.IX Header "SUBCLASSING"
If the standard options aren't enough, you may want to subclass
Pod::Simple::XHMTL. These are the most likely candidates for methods
you'll want to override when subclassing.
.SS handle_text
.IX Subsection "handle_text"
This method handles the body of text within any element: it's the body
of a paragraph, or everything between a "=begin" tag and the
corresponding "=end" tag, or the text within an L entity, etc. You would
want to override this if you are adding a custom element type that does
more than just display formatted text. Perhaps adding a way to generate
HTML tables from an extended version of POD.
.PP
So, let's say you want to add a custom element called 'foo'. In your
subclass's \f(CW\*(C`new\*(C'\fR method, after calling \f(CW\*(C`SUPER::new\*(C'\fR you'd call:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  $new\->accept_targets_as_text( \*(Aqfoo\*(Aq );
.Ve
.PP
Then override the \f(CW\*(C`start_for\*(C'\fR method in the subclass to check for when
"$flags\->{'target'}" is equal to 'foo' and set a flag that marks that
you're in a foo block (maybe "$self\->{'in_foo'} = 1"). Then override the
\&\f(CW\*(C`handle_text\*(C'\fR method to check for the flag, and pass \f(CW$text\fR to your
custom subroutine to construct the HTML output for 'foo' elements,
something like:
.PP
.Vb 8
\&  sub handle_text {
\&      my ($self, $text) = @_;
\&      if ($self\->{\*(Aqin_foo\*(Aq}) {
\&          $self\->{\*(Aqscratch\*(Aq} .= build_foo_html($text);
\&          return;
\&      }
\&      $self\->SUPER::handle_text($text);
\&  }
.Ve
.SS handle_code
.IX Subsection "handle_code"
This method handles the body of text that is marked up to be code.
You might for instance override this to plug in a syntax highlighter.
The base implementation just escapes the text.
.PP
The callback methods \f(CW\*(C`start_code\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`end_code\*(C'\fR emits the \f(CW\*(C`code\*(C'\fR tags
before and after \f(CW\*(C`handle_code\*(C'\fR is invoked, so you might want to override these
together with \f(CW\*(C`handle_code\*(C'\fR if this wrapping isn't suitable.
.PP
Note that the code might be broken into multiple segments if there are
nested formatting codes inside a \f(CW\*(C`C<...>\*(C'\fR sequence.  In between the
calls to \f(CW\*(C`handle_code\*(C'\fR other markup tags might have been emitted in that
case.  The same is true for verbatim sections if the \f(CW\*(C`codes_in_verbatim\*(C'\fR
option is turned on.
.SS accept_targets_as_html
.IX Subsection "accept_targets_as_html"
This method behaves like \f(CW\*(C`accept_targets_as_text\*(C'\fR, but also marks the region
as one whose content should be emitted literally, without HTML entity escaping
or wrapping in a \f(CW\*(C`div\*(C'\fR element.
.SS resolve_pod_page_link
.IX Subsection "resolve_pod_page_link"
.Vb 3
\&  my $url = $pod\->resolve_pod_page_link(\*(AqNet::Ping\*(Aq, \*(AqINSTALL\*(Aq);
\&  my $url = $pod\->resolve_pod_page_link(\*(Aqperlpodspec\*(Aq);
\&  my $url = $pod\->resolve_pod_page_link(undef, \*(AqSYNOPSIS\*(Aq);
.Ve
.PP
Resolves a POD link target (typically a module or POD file name) and section
name to a URL. The resulting link will be returned for the above examples as:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::Ping#INSTALL
\&  https://metacpan.org/pod/perlpodspec
\&  #SYNOPSIS
.Ve
.PP
Note that when there is only a section argument the URL will simply be a link
to a section in the current document.
.SS resolve_man_page_link
.IX Subsection "resolve_man_page_link"
.Vb 2
\&  my $url = $pod\->resolve_man_page_link(\*(Aqcrontab(5)\*(Aq, \*(AqEXAMPLE CRON FILE\*(Aq);
\&  my $url = $pod\->resolve_man_page_link(\*(Aqcrontab\*(Aq);
.Ve
.PP
Resolves a man page link target and numeric section to a URL. The resulting
link will be returned for the above examples as:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    http://man.he.net/man5/crontab
\&    http://man.he.net/man1/crontab
.Ve
.PP
Note that the first argument is required. The section number will be parsed
from it, and if it's missing will default to 1. The second argument is
currently ignored, as man.he.net <http://man.he.net> does not currently
include linkable IDs or anchor names in its pages. Subclass to link to a
different man page HTTP server.
.SS idify
.IX Subsection "idify"
.Vb 2
\&  my $id   = $pod\->idify($text);
\&  my $hash = $pod\->idify($text, 1);
.Ve
.PP
This method turns an arbitrary string into a valid XHTML ID attribute value.
The rules enforced, following
<http://webdesign.about.com/od/htmltags/a/aa031707.htm>, are:
.IP \(bu 4
The id must start with a letter (a\-z or A\-Z)
.IP \(bu 4
All subsequent characters can be letters, numbers (0\-9), hyphens (\-),
underscores (_), colons (:), and periods (.).
.IP \(bu 4
The final character can't be a hyphen, colon, or period. URLs ending with these
characters, while allowed by XHTML, can be awkward to extract from plain text.
.IP \(bu 4
Each id must be unique within the document.
.PP
In addition, the returned value will be unique within the context of the
Pod::Simple::XHTML object unless a second argument is passed a true value. ID
attributes should always be unique within a single XHTML document, but pass
the true value if you are creating not an ID but a URL hash to point to
an ID (i.e., if you need to put the "#foo" in \f(CW\*(C`<a href="#foo">foo</a>\*(C'\fR.
.SS batch_mode_page_object_init
.IX Subsection "batch_mode_page_object_init"
.Vb 1
\&  $pod\->batch_mode_page_object_init($batchconvobj, $module, $infile, $outfile, $depth);
.Ve
.PP
Called by Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch so that the class has a chance to
initialize the converter. Internally it sets the \f(CW\*(C`batch_mode\*(C'\fR property to
true and sets \f(CWbatch_mode_current_level()\fR, but Pod::Simple::XHTML does not
currently use those features. Subclasses might, though.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Text, Pod::Spell
.SH SUPPORT
.IX Header "SUPPORT"
Questions or discussion about POD and Pod::Simple should be sent to the
pod\-people@perl.org mail list. Send an empty email to
pod\-people\-subscribe@perl.org to subscribe.
.PP
This module is managed in an open GitHub repository,
<https://github.com/perl\-pod/pod\-simple/>. Feel free to fork and contribute, or
to clone <https://github.com/perl\-pod/pod\-simple.git> and send patches!
.PP
Patches against Pod::Simple are welcome. Please send bug reports to
<bug\-pod\-simple@rt.cpan.org>.
.SH "COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS"
Copyright (c) 2003\-2005 Allison Randal.
.PP
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
.PP
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
Thanks to Hurricane Electric <http://he.net/> for permission to use its
Linux man pages online <http://man.he.net/> site for man page links.
.PP
Thanks to search.cpan.org <http://search.cpan.org/> for permission to use the
site for Perl module links.
.SH AUTHOR
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Pod::Simpele::XHTML was created by Allison Randal <allison@perl.org>.
.PP
Pod::Simple was created by Sean M. Burke <sburke@cpan.org>.
But don't bother him, he's retired.
.PP
Pod::Simple is maintained by:
.IP \(bu 4
Allison Randal \f(CW\*(C`allison@perl.org\*(C'\fR
.IP \(bu 4
Hans Dieter Pearcey \f(CW\*(C`hdp@cpan.org\*(C'\fR
.IP \(bu 4
David E. Wheeler \f(CW\*(C`dwheeler@cpan.org\*(C'\fR